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what 引导宾语从句，从句中省略了deduce。
available adj.可利用的
-- I have a dictionary available for you .
-- is there a place available for us to have a chat?
-- I know you are in need of a help,but excuse me,I don`t have any students available for you.
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man. remains = ruins 遗迹，遗物 insignificant = unimportant 不重要的
shed light on = throw light on = cast light on解释，说明，揭示 = make a matter clear or understood
-- This information shed light on the problem.
-- Can you shed light on the case of the fire? 你能够解释这次火灾吗？ -- She will shed light on the case of stolen jewels.
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. up to now = so far 到目前为止
come into being = come into existence 产生，出现 come into 的用法： -- come into power 上台 -- come into use 开始使用
be faced with a real need to do sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要 -- We are faced with a real need to learn English well.
Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.
seem可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎；好像”，其常见用法现归纳如下：
一、“主语+ seem +（to be ）+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。“好像是，似乎是，看起来是”例如：
Tom seems （to be ） a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老师。 This small town seems changed a little. 这个小城镇似乎有点儿变化。
二、“主语+ seem + 不定式”，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。用以缓和语气时用，意思为感到好像，觉得似乎。（没有把握的推测，而不是主语的状态属性和形式）例如：
Mrs Green doesn’t seem （或seems not ） to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。 The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。 The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大。
三、“It seems + that从句”，其中it 是形式主语，that引导主语从句。表示不确切或客气时用，意思为看来好像，似乎。例如：（本用法作用同第二条一致）
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It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。 It seems to me that Mr Brown will not come again. 在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。
四、“There + seem to be +名词”，其中to be 可省略。seem 的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。例如：
There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team. 看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。 There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths. 注意副词long的应用自如
dot 点 line 线 surface 面 cube 体 three-dimensional space 三维立体空间
present us with a question, then solve the problem, finally show us the result dots, lines and symbols 点，线和形形色色的符号 songs 阵阵歌声 flowers 鲜花朵朵
The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 30,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. 注意about的应用，因为是一个推测的时间，而不是具体的时间所以不能用at
Live by 什么样的工作，live on 某人，某种事物
By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. read the code
code—dots, lines, symbols, markings
read 读，可以引申出很多意思，识人，理解，it’s hard to read the smile on his face. read sb like a book
read between lines 体会言外之意,领会弦外之音 read from cover to cover从头到尾
注意这里的现在完成时，发生在过去，但是具体的时间不需要提出，“已经”
They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. Passage 1、章节; 段落; 乐段（paragraph段落）2、过道; 走廊 3、(人体内的) 道 （air passages）4、通过; 经过（pass的名词形式）5、(法案等的) 通过（pass的名词形式） 6、过渡 7、(时间的) 推移（pass的名词）
8、通行许可（pass的名词许可，pass作为名词是叫“通过”） the passage of days 日夜更迭，昼夜更迭 （固定短语） the passage of time 时光流逝 （固定短语） the phases of the moon 月亮圆缺
It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. the answer to historians puzzling, or rather their assumption
注意in fact插入语的位置，同前面学的was really和really was一样，侧重在后面，而不是前面。
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如果是 it, in fact, is a primitive type of calendar，则是侧重于it.
It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on…（注意这种主语从句的形式，为了先突出一个概念，再加上一个较为复杂的主语，故事早被人知道，故事一个词作主语很简单，一个怎么怎么怎么样的故事，下文中会出现很多次类似的用法） it has long been known that… 人们早就知道
historians have long been puzzled… 历史学家长期以来一直困惑不已 they have long assumed that… 他们长期以来认为
Depict [d?'p?kt] vt. 描述；描画（描绘了一幅什么样的画面）（To depict someone or something means to show or represent them in a work of art such as a drawing or painting. 描绘）
…were not simply a form of artistic expression. form 形式
a form of artistic expression 艺术上的表达形式 in the form of 以…形式
eg. People are bombarded with information in the form of magazines and TV advertising. Type n.类型，型号 blood type
eg. You don’t seem the academic type.你看上去不像是个读书人。 style n.风格，方式 life style 生活方式
mode 模式，方式（1、(生活或行为) 方式 [正式] 2、(文学、艺术或穿着等的) 风格 3、模式（eg:相机各种模式，手动自动模式等等））
lavish mode of living 奢侈的生活方式
They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. be near to writing 接近书写形式 writing 指书写这一行为的总称 come to tears 差一点就哭了 /be near to tears come to death 差一点就死了 /be near to death
.这个句子省略了某些词，主要是为使句子简练和避免重复 （1）be near to writing 意思是“接近书写形式”， 表状态。 （2）get near to writing 。意思也是“接近书写形式”，表过程。
也就是说第二个as是连词，它引导后面的比较状语从句。as early man could get 比较状语修饰
It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. （注意这种主语从句的形式，一个复杂的事情是possible的） 注意关系 that是markings，them是paintings。
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed. （注意这种主语从句的形式，一个复杂的事情是possible的）
…20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.（与人类首次修编历法的日期相比）
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than 与has 之间省略了主语it
The man drank a little more than was good for him(what).
Multiple choice questions 多项选择 Comprehension
1… 正确答案：B 根据课文内容选择 2… 正确答案：D 同上
3… 正确答案：A 同上 Structure
4… 正确答案：D 用将来时态才与原文相符合
5… 正确答案：C 原句中缺少主语，由what 引导一个简单句做主语从句 6… 正确答案：B code 指 the markings ；现在分词做状语 7… 正确答案：C
强调二者之间有联系，故排除A，而C选项表示有可能联系，语气不肯定，符合题目要求。Vocabulary 8… 正确答案：B puzzle out:to find answer by thinking hard 9… 正确答案：A 同义词
10… 正确答案：A 令人费解的：puzzling ;符号signs 代替了code,而不是singal,singal 表示信号。 11… 正确答案：C A选项，come to 必须接动词原形，如come to record / come to exist C 选项 ，come into existence(existence n.)
12… 正确答案：A nomands:move from place to place
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新概念英语第三册笔记第38课教案资料
