第二编 语法突破 专题一 动词的时态和语态
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，65)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
答案：have reported 根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，65)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
答案：recommended 根据“shared”可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
3．(2018·天津高考，13)My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
答案：is being repaired 句意：我的洗衣机本周正在被维修，所以我必须用手洗衣服。is being repaired “正在被维修”。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，69)On the last day of our week－long stay, we ________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案：were invited 事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．(2018·北京高考，4)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
答案：was working 句意：苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，我去年拜访她的时候，她正在社区担任志愿者。由下文“when I visited her last year”可知，此处表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
6．(2019·天津高考，2)I ________ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
答案：had hoped 由couldn't manage用的是一般过去时可知，动词hope发生在couldn't manage之前，表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成，故用过去完成时。
7．(2018·北京高考，9)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
答案：had been trapped 句意：一位救援工作者冒着生命危险救出在山里被围困两天的游客。空格处的动作发生在“冒着生命危险救出”这一动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
8．(2019·江苏高考，33)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
答案：will have been installed 句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装完5G终端。根据时间状语by 2022可知，句子要用将来完成时；5G terminals与install (安装)之间是被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态。
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
__________________________________________________________________ 答案：are→were 由句中的“didn't realize”以及“entered”可知，用一般过去时。故将are改为were。
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
__________________________________________________________________ 答案：find→found 由上句提到的“During my last winter holiday”可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故将find改为found。
动词的时态 1．一般现在时 形式：do/does; is/am/are
用法：①表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示人、事物现在的状况和特点；表示客观规律和永恒真理。
②在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，以及表示按时间表拟定或安排好要发生的动作，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
例句：①On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
②If we don't act now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it. ③Class begins at eight in the morning. 2．现在进行时 形式：is/am/are doing
用法：①表示说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。
②计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。
③与always, constantly等副词连用，带有一种赞美、厌恶等感情色彩。 例句：①Hurry up, kids! The school bus is waiting for us! ②A foreigner is coming to visit our school. ③He is always helping others. 3．一般将来时
形式：be going to do; will/shall do; be to do; be about to do
用法：①表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作、存在的状态或已经计划或安排好的事情。
②表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。
③be about to＋动词原形，表示就要做或正好要做的事情。 例句：①—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh, really? I didn't know. I will go and visit her. ②When are you to return your library book? ③Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 4．一般过去时 形式：was/were; did
用法：①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 ③It's time that后的从句用虚拟语气。
例句：①Scientists have many theories about how the universe came into being. ②He often had lunch at school last month. ③It's time that we watered the flowers. 5．现在完成时 形式：has/have done
用法：①某些表示时间的词或短语常与现在完成时连用：since, recently, lately, so far, in/over/during the last/past＋时间段，until now, many times, these days, up to now, by now等。
②This/It/That is the first time that从句中用现在完成时。 例句：①I've heard nothing from him up to now.
②This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 6．过去进行时 形式：was/were doing
用法：①表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。
②过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。
③was doing sth. when ... 表示“某人正在做某事，这时突然发生了另一件事”。
例句：①I was playing table tennis at four this afternoon. ②We were leaving very early so we packed the night before. ③I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 7．过去完成时 形式：had done
用法：①表示“过去的过去”(句中必须有一个表示过去的时间状语或者过去的动词，而且该动作发生在过去的那个动作之前)。
2021高三统考外研英语一轮复习讲义：专题1 动词的时态和语态 (含解析)
