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第4讲 词义猜测题（二）
词义猜测题(二)
A
(2016·四川绵阳高三二诊)Loneliness is like a disease, and what's worse, it's contagious. It can spread from one person to another, according to the recent research that stresses the power of one person's emotions to affect even people they don't know.
The new analysis, involving 4,793 people who were interviewed every two years between 2005 and 2015, showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview. A friend of that person was 25% more likely, and a friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely.
“Loneliness is not just the property of an individual. It can be transmitted across people—even people you don't have direct contact with，” said John T. Cacioppo, a psychologist of University of Chicago who led the study published in the December issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Loneliness has been linked to medical problems, including depression, sleep problems and generally poorer physical health. Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health, experts said.
Although the study did not examine how loneliness spreads, Cacioppo said another research has provided clues. “Let's say for whatever reason you get lonely. You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion. That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize their social ties and become lonely，” Cacioppo said.
According to Cacioppo, loneliness spreads more easily among women than men, perhaps because women are more likely to express emotions.
Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject them. Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.
体裁：说明文 题材：科普知识 主题：孤独具有传染性
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文档从互联网中收集，已重新修正排版，word格式支持编辑，如有帮助欢迎下载支持。 语篇导读：本文讲述了孤独产生的原因及处理的方法。
1．It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ________. A．loneliness spreads in social networks B．emotions are only transmitted between friends C．more and more people are suffering from loneliness D．loneliness is actually a kind of disease
【解析】 A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，孤独就像一种疾病，更糟糕的是，它有传染性，故选A项。
2．According to Cacioppo, lonely people ________. A．rely heavily on others
B．are more likely to trust others
C．are less likely to be rejected by friends D．will probably be deserted by society
【解析】 D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句可知，由于孤独的人不信任别人，这使得他们更有可能被社会抛弃，故选D项。
3．The word “minimize” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to __________. A．increase C．create
B．reduce D．keep
【解析】 B 词义猜测题。根据文章第五段最后一句可知，这让他们处于一种负面情绪中，这种情绪使他们更加有可能以一种消极的方式与他人互动，减少与社会的联系，变得孤独。minimize(把……减至最小量)与reduce意义相近，故选B项。
【状元点拨·方法】根据构词法猜测词义
在做词义猜测题时，考生可根据前缀或后缀或复合词的各部分猜测词义，如前缀co－表示“共同；一起”，un－/im－表示否定意义；后缀－ise/ize表示“使成为……；使……化”，－able表示“能……的；具有……性质的”，－ous表示“具有……的；有……特征的”，－ful表示“充满……的”，－less表示“无……的”等。如本题中的minimize可根据mini－表示“(同类中)极小的；极短的”猜测出其含义。
4．What should lonely people do to get rid of loneliness? A．Refuse the help given by others. B．Admit and try to solve it.
C．Interact with others more negatively. D．Express emotions more often.
【解析】 B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句可知，重要的是承认和正确对待孤独，故选B项。
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B
(2016·齐鲁名校教科研协作体高三联考)MERS, also known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, has made its way to the U．S.The second patient was in Orlando, Florida while the first reported case was in Indiana.
Tom Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the disease has mainly been transmitted(传播) by close personal contact, such as directly caring for a very ill person.
The virus is formally called MERS－CoV because it's part of the corona virus(冠状病毒) family that includes the common cold and severe SARS. SARS was relatively easy to stop a decade ago, because it was being transmitted by caged animals in Chinese markets. MERS－CoV was first identified in people in 2012, but has been spreading rapidly since March, 2015.The vast majority of those cases occurred in Saudi Arabia.
The patient in Orlando felt ill on the first flight but not ill enough to notify a doctor. Early on May 9, he apparently became concerned that he was still feeling ill, and he went to the emergency room at Hospital. He identified himself as recently having been in Saudi Arabia, so he was quickly isolated to avoid infecting(感染) other patients.
Wayne Marasco, an expert at the Dana－Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, said his biggest concern about MERS－CoV is how little we know about it. It's still not clear, in some instances, where the virus comes from, how it is transmitted or who is the most subject.
体裁：说明文 题材：科普知识 主题：中东呼吸综合征 语篇导读：本文介绍了致命病毒——中东呼吸综合征的一些信息。
5．According to Tom Frieden, how is a person mainly infected by MERS? A．By caged animals.
B．By close personal contact. C．By animal－to－human transmission. D．By directly caring for a very ill person.
【解析】 B 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Tom Frieden定位到文章第二段，根据…the disease has mainly been transmitted by close personal contact…可知，通过人与人之间的亲密接触可以感染上MERS病毒，故选B项。
6．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．The first MERS patient was found in America.
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2020高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型突破专题12阅读理解第4讲词义猜测题(二)对点特训
