PART II FOCUS
The teacher is expected to help students appreciate the effects of using participles and absolutes in their writings
Participles
Getting to know participles Reference for the excises
Verb Form crying broken singing and dancing Words Modified girl piggy bank the boy and the girl Function description description description Reference for the Classroom Activities 1. Sentence b: handing (describing she)
Sentence c: wandering, picking (both describing friends) ; Sentence d: made (used with had to indicate the past perfect tense) Sentence e: surprised (describing Tigger) ;
Sentence f. filled (used with were to indicate the passive voice) Sentence g. staring (describing Tigger)
Sentence h: left (describing nothing) ; checking (describing Roo) Sentence i: looking (describing Pooh) Sentence j. looking (describing Roo);
Sentence k. gone (used with have to indicate the present perfect tense) Sentence l: picking (describing friends), fallen (describing raspberries) Sentence m. waiting (used with was to indicate the present continuous tense)
2. a. smiling b. Reading c. Swimming d. competing
e. mentioned f. Jumping, thrown, broken g. published, informing h. Having, exhausted, relieved
Complex participle phrases
A. Present participles in different modes and aspects Simple form Form doing Meaning The action is carried out by the subject and takes place at the same time as the predicate. The action is carried out by the subject and takes place before the predicate. The action is received by the subject and takes place at the same time as the predicate. The action is received by the subject and takes place before the predicate. Perfect aspect having done Passive voice (being) done Perfect aspect in passive voice having been done *In this passive form, being is usually omitted, and then it becomes the past participle.
Reference for the Classroom Activities
1. Refer to the above table for the meanings of the present participles. 2. a. The computer bought last week brings happiness to everyone in my family. b. Being back in my hometown, I didn't know that my professor had assigned another 5,000-word paper.
c. Standing in front of the picture painted by a post-impressionist, many people pretended that they could understand it. / Many people stood in front of the picture painted by a post-impressionist, pretending that they could understand it.
d. Looking out of the window of the train, the boy was amused by the power lines dancing up and down in the air.
Extra Activities
Combine each of the following groups of sentences into one sentence using participles
a. She was born in a common family. She was educated in an average college. She is satisfied with her present life. b. The students have finished their exams. They feel greatly relieved.
As a result, they plan to play cards the whole night c. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks. He stared ahead intently.
d. Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub. Larry held his head in his hands.
Larry was so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him up.
Suggested answers to the Extra Activities
a. Born in a common family and educated in an average college, she is satisfied with her present life.
b. Having finished their exams and feeling greatly relieved, the students plan to play cards the whole night.
c. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks, staring ahead intently.
d. Holding his head in his hands, Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub, so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him up.
B. Participles with conjunctions Suggested answers to the question
Structure: They are all composed of a conjunction and a participle, and the noun in the main clause is the logical subject or object.
Meaning: Sentence a: time; Sentence b: concession; Sentence c: condition. Reference for the Classroom Activities
1. a. Kate fell asleep when/while reading Bob's letter.
b. She started to chat with her friend after finishing / having finished her work. c. Although having seen it a thousand and one times, the old man still watches the video from time to time.
d. Although closely watched by the guards, the prisoner plans to escape. e. It is believed that if read many times, an article will naturally be understood. f. If buying more, you can pay less.
2. Ask students to work on their own and write two sentences for each of the types.
Getting to know participles' functions A. Creating concise sentences Suggested answers to the questions 1. Yes.
2. There are two complete ideas in each sentence.
3. The relationship between the two complete ideas becomes closer from Sentence a through Sentence d. Sentence d has the closest relationship between the two ideas
4. Sentence d is the most efficient. B. Producing more detailed sentences Suggested answers to the question
In Group a, Sentence 2 is the best, in which the present participles describe live animated actions. In Group b, the best sentence is also Sentence 2, in which the
actions are simultaneous. In Group c, Sentence 3 is the best sentence in which the present participle and the past participle are combined most efficiently.
C. Establishing clearer logic Reference for the Classroom Activities
1. a. Thinking about her kid at home, Judy made several mistakes in her work. b. The car raced along the street, sending passers-by to run for shelter. / Racing along the street, the car sent passers-by to run for shelter.
c. Born in Guangzhou and educated in Nanjing, she is now working as a manager in Beijing.
d. Having been shocked and chased by a ferocious dog, the thief hid behind a dustbin, holding his breath for fear of being found.
e. The bomb blew up in the distance, shaking the ground slightly and making bursts of light on the dark horizon.
2. a. Hearing the news, I thought the world had ended for me. b. I sat happily in my chair, reading a newspaper. c. (correct)
d. Shocked at the sight of his teacher, the boy stood there dumbfounded. e. Having lived there for twenty years, I know this place like the back of my hand.
3. Ask students to go over their writings, and pay attention to their use of the participles.
Absolutes
Getting to know absolutes Suggested answers to the exercise
1. An absolute construction is a participle phrase whose logical subject is different from the sentence subject.
世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材写作教程第三部分参考答案
