学习和掌握同义词、近义词不应只靠弄清词义或死记硬背这些词之间词义的差别，而应利用卡片积累这些词的用法和典型例子，根据具体上下文语境及运用场合的异同，体会其间意义的差别。
有些同义词，如mankind—humanity；ask—interrogate；show—demonstrate；buy—purchase，其词义是接近等值的，只是前者源于英语本族语，后者源于外来语。又如coach—bus；lift—elevator；petrol—gasoline；callbox telephone-box含义等同，只是前者为英国用法，后者为美国用法而已。这类题主要是测试考生对同义词或近义词之间细微差别的掌握情况。同义词或近义词虽然概念相同或相近，但在含义和用法上仍存在差别。例如： Sample 4
Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50years ago．
A．hard to imagine B．hard to believe C．hard to invent D．hard to understand Note:
这道题属于近义词辨析题，答案为选项B．hard to believe(难以置信)。其他选项的意思分别是：A．hard to imagine(难以想象)；C．hard to invent(难以发明，创造)；D．hard to understand(难以理解)。选项A与选项D的含义也多少与之相近，具有较强的干扰性。 这类题相对来说比较难，它要求考生不单单掌握每个词的含义，还要从用法、使用场合和词与词的搭配关系上进行分析，最后做出正确的判断。 二、词形相近、意义不同的易混词的辨别和替代
所谓易混词是指所提供的各个选项词形相近，但意义却大相径庭。最常见的、需要或值得辨析的易混形近词，大致如下： 1．assume(假设，设想)—presume(假设，姑且认为)，consume(消费，消耗)，resume(恢复，继续，重新开始)
2．insist(坚持)—persist(坚持，顶住)，consist(由?组成)，resist(阻止，抵抗)
3．permit(允许，许可)—admit(承认)，submit(交出，屈服)，commit(犯?错误，罪行等；对?做出承诺)
4．proceed(进行)—precede(先于?；在?之前)，succeed(成功，继承，接着发生)，exceed(超过)
5．staff(人员)—stuff(填塞)，stiff(硬的，僵直的)，shift(提升，转移)
6．relieve(解脱，减轻)—believe(相信)，achieve(达到)，survive(生存)，release(释放，发行)
7．compose(组成，创作)—oppose(反对)，impose(强加于)，expose(揭发，使曝光) 8．remind(提醒)—remember(记住)，remain(依旧，依然是)，recall(回顾，回想) 9．attribute(属性)—contribute(奉献于)，distribute(分配)，tribute(礼物，贡金)
10．respective(各自的，分别的)—respectable(可尊敬的)，respectful(尊敬的)，respecting(鉴于，关于)
11．subject(课题)—object(目标，对象)，inject(打针)，reject(抛弃，拒绝)
12．design(设计)—assign(指定，任命)，resign(辞职)，sign(符号)，designate(指定，指派) 13．reform(改革)—inform(通知，使得到信息)，transform(转换，使?变成为)，perform(表演；执行)
14．tap(开发)—top(最高点)，tip(尖头，小费)，trap(陷阱)
15．enquire(咨询)—inquire(打听，询问)，acquire(习得；获得)，require(要求)
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16．apply(应用)—supply(供应)，reply(回复)，imply(暗示) 17．inspect(检查)—expect(期待)，respect(尊重)，suspect(怀疑)
18．prefer(更喜欢)—infer(推断)，refer(参考；指称)，offer(提供，奉献)
19．produce(生产)—reduce(减少)，reproduce(复制，再生产)，introduce(介绍，引进) 20．preserve(保留，保养)—conserve(保存，保守)，reserve(保留)，deserve(值得) 21．include(包括)—conclude(做结论)，exclude(排除)
22．conceive(想出，设想)—perceive(感知)，receive(收到)，deceive(欺骗) 23．imaginative(富于想像力的)—imaginable(可以想象的)，imaginary(想象的，虚构的)，imagination (想像力)
24．favorite(心爱的，喜欢的)—favorable(有利的)，favorably(有利地)，favour(偏爱；赞赏)
25．clash(冲突)—crush(压碎，榨碎)，crash(粉碎，坠毁)，smash(粉碎；击溃) 26．economical(节约的)—economic(经济的)，economy(经济)，economics(经济学) 27．release(释放)—relieve(减轻)，relate(把?与联系起来)，retain(保存，保持) 28．intent(意图)—intention(意图)，intensity(强度)，intentional(有意的) 29．slip(滑，溜)—slipper(拖鞋)，slippery(光滑的)，slap(猛地关门；打?一巴掌)，snap(突然折断，拍快照)，slope(斜坡，坡度)
30．alive(活着的)—live(带电的，活的)，living(活着的，现存的)，lively(活泼的，有生气的)
31．alone(单独的，单独地)—lonely(孤独的)，single(单个的，单身的)，long(长的，漫长的)，lonliness (孤独；孤寞)
32．lay(把?放到；lie的过去形式)—lie(躺；说谎)，lain(lie的过去分词)，laid(lay的过去分词)，lying (lie的现在分词)
33．pleasure(兴趣，高兴)—treasure(宝贝)，leisure(闲暇)，measure(量度，措施) 34．fine(精细的，罚金)—refine(精练)，define(下定义)，confine(局限于)
35．lose(失去)—loose(松的)，loosen(使松弛)，loss(损失)，lost(失去，lose的过去分词)
36．aboard(在船上)—abroad(在国外)，board(船板)，on board(在船上，在机上)，broad(宽广的)，broaden(使加宽，拓宽) 37．convict(证明有罪)—convey(传达，传送)，convert(把?转换成)，convince(使信服) 38．conclude(作结论)—concede(让步)，exclude(把?排除在外)，conduct(引导，传导)，concrete(具体的，混凝土)
39．deprive(剥夺)—despise(瞧不起)，divert(把?引开)，deceive(欺骗) 40．effect(影响)—affect(影响)，infect(使感染)，defect(过失，缺点) 41．heap(堆放)—head(头)，heal(治好)，heave(举起)
42．immediate(马上，立即)—intimate(亲昵的)，imitate(模范)，initiate(发起，提倡) 43．outlet(出口)—outcome(结局)，output(产量，输出)，outlook(外观) 44．wear(穿，穿着)—bear(忍受；携带；生育)，tear(撕碎，眼泪)，hear(听见)，gear(齿轮)；pear(梨子)
45．amuse(逗乐，使开心)—abuse(滥用)，accuse(控告)，excuse(谅解)
46．arrange(安排)—appoint(任命，约定)，apply(应用)，appeal(呼吁)，orange(橘子) 47．prescribe(处方，开药)—describe(描写)，subscribe(定购，订阅)，ascribe(把?归结于)
48．strip(剥夺，一条)—trip(短途旅行)，strap(皮带，吊环)，steep(陡峭的)
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49．shelter(避难，保护)—shatter(使粉碎，使破灭)，shepherd(牧羊人)，shift(变换，转换)，sheer(纯粹的；完全的)
50．except(除了，除外)—excerpt(摘引，选段)，expect(期待)，exception(除外)，exceptianal(特别的，特殊的) Sample 5
This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep． A．assure B．secure C．reassure D．insure Note:
这句话的原意是：这种药将保证使你能得到一个好的睡眠。ensure意指“保证，确保”，常指确保某事能够做到或阻止其发生，后常接从句。选项B．secure的意思是“保证使某人得到某种所求之物”，其含义与ensure在此基本相同。assure somebody of something/that clause的意思是“说服某人相信某种信息是真实可靠的”。选项D．insure指“给?保险，确保”，常指为防不测向保险公司付钱投保。
三、常用动词、形容词与名词、介词短语的搭配 考博英语考试所考的英语惯用搭配难度是有限的，重在掌握大纲范围之内的各种常用搭配。
四、短语动词主干词与其后跟的副词小品词或介词短语的用法辨析 英语的短语动词(phrasal verbs)有三种基本类型。即：动词+副词(v．+adv．)型，如look out(注意)；动词+介词(v．+prep．)型，如look after(照料)；动词+副词+介词(v．+adv．+prep．)型，如look forward to(盼望)等。其他一些动词的固定搭配都作为动词短语看待。对考生来说，短语动词是英语中最重要、最难掌握的部分之一，也是考生最感头疼的难点之一。 但这方面的命题难度是有限的，也就是基本不超出《大纲》词汇部分所附的动词词组表所列词汇的范围。英语短语动词中动词与其附加部分凝结为一体，获得一个新的词义，相当于单个动词的含义(当然，也有不少短语动词很难找到与其含义等同的单一形式动词，如get with=become busy about；pay attention to开始做；对?注意；live up to=fulfil something expected of someone对得起某人等。)，如： 1．blow up=explode爆炸；毁掉 2．carry along=convey传达，传送 3．carry out=realize，implement实现 4．fill up，take up=occupy占据，占有 5．give off=emit发散出 6．go beyond=exceed超出
7．give up，give in=submit，surrender屈服，投降 8．hand in=submit交出
9．hand out=deliver；administer分发(会议材料等)；施加(手段等) 10．rule out=eliminate清除，排除
11．look into=examine，investigate考察，调查 12．respond to=answer回答，回应
13．run over=overflow，exceed溢出，超过 14．send off=dispatch；dismiss分发；开除 15．sell out=dispose；betray处置；背叛 16．set up=establish，complete建立；完成 17．shape up=evolve，develop演化；发展
18．take in=absorb；deceive；encompass吸收；受骗；包括
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19．pull down=demolish，degrade毁掉，拆毁；降格 20．use up=consume用完，耗尽 在做短语动词词义辨析题的时候，一靠平时对所考短语动词含义的掌握情况，二要靠对句子上下文的整体理解。
为了提高短语动词的运用能力，考生必须多做题，提高语感，并将短语动词与相应单语动词的含义进行比较，以便加深印象。
第三章 词汇练习
Unit 1 (2003厦门大学)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throught the center． 1．A Monitor/TIPP poll last month found that young people and seniors held similar views when asked to ______ the importance of US military action to remove Saddam Hussein from power in the next months．
A．advocate B．foresee C．supervise D．gauge 2．The newspaper reported on the initiative of the organization to establish a private company to professionally ______ prisoners due to be released from prison． A．habilitate B．rehabilitate C．preclude D．prelude 3．If all the viruses on the planet were to disappear, a global catastrophe would ______, and the natural ecosystems of the earth would collapse in a spectacular crash under burgeoning populations of insects． A．varnish B．disperse C．contaminate D．ensue 4．The solution was simple: gas the building with a hallucinogen and put the terrorists to sleep before they could ______ the bombs in the building. And it worked．
A．detonate B．dismantle C．demolish D．desert 5．Ms. Rice, with customary class, simply expressed hope that this episode wouldn't ______ the charity in spite of the previous scandals．
A．taint B．enhance C．sprain D．sponsor
6．These examples show that openness and the ability to change brings couples a giant step closer to the marital harmony they ______． A．request B．negotiate C．crave D．detest 7．First launched in April this year, Net My Singapore also includes efforts that ______ training, development, and the exploration of new technologies based on．
A．obliterate B．sequester C．encompass D．terminate
8．Anxiety is believed to ______ diabetes by raising levels of the stress hormone cortisol which regulates insulin and blood-sugar levels．
A．impede B．exacerbate C．inherit D．facilitate
9．Last week, the Us bishops adopted rules to take priests who ______ minors out of any ministerial activities．
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A．administer B．generate C．implicate D．molest 10．There is little reason to believe that the United States will ______ from its stated goal of regime change in Iraq． A．back down B．blow off C．pop up D．step up 11．Cox Radio, one of the nation's largest radio chains, plans to ______ its ties with independent record promoters to distance itself from a payola-like practice that runs rampant in the music business． A．consolidate B．tout C．sever D．splash 12．The European Commission issued a ______ decision on Oct. 29 permitting an alliance between United Airlines, Deutsche Lufthansa and Scandinavian Airlines System that allows them to coordinate prices, schedules and routes in the transatlantic market. It turned out to be well received． A．automatic B．landmark C．obsolete D．outgrown 13．Now illegal copies of music CDs ______ losses of about $ 300 million in sales annually and $ 65million lost government tax revenue．
A．conflict B．inflict C．compromise D．defer 14．It is the first of several agreements United States hopes to reach as it attempts to reduce, labor costs by $ 5.8 billion and ______ bankruptcy． A．dispel B．revert C．transfer D．avert 15．The United Nations Security Council established the ICTR in 1995 to try the alleged perpetrators of the 1994______ in Rwanda that claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people． A．genocide B．immigration C．discrimination D．election 16．If you work for a major corporation, or are contracted at one, sooner or later, you may be called upon to create or maintain an internal website. Here are the ______ of intranets． A．ins and outs B．in a pinch C．in a cleft stick D．in a breeze
17．You are exposed to obtrusive ads that ______ seemingly from nowhere even when you are disconnected from the Net, and your personal information gathered and sent off without you being aware of it．
A．size up B．dwindle away C．conjure up D．pop up 18．As a psychotherapist with many patients in their 20's, I can ______ the fact that not only do most of them not have any health insurance, but they also do not expect it as a condition of living in this country． A．attest to B．contribute to C．modify D．interdict 19．If you develop a reputation for being able to keep secrets others will ______ towards you with useful news and gossip． A．feel constrained B．feel excluded C．propel D．gravitate 20．Early signs of ______ seen in the herbal medicine study are extremely encouraging and based upon these data, we are now planning a registration program． A．faculty B．reception C．deterioration D．efficacy Unit1 答案
1．D 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. D
Unit 2 (2004电子科技大学)
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1考博英语词汇讲义
