2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语一真题及答案详解
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions; the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined our health. That this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.
The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures. This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.
Scientists say the compound is \precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.
Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening. 1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till 2. [A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence 3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern 4. [A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed 5. [A] issued [B] received [C] ignored [D] canceled 6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by 7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid 8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially 9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While 10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] inconclusive [D] negative 11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow 12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to 13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate 14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all 15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern 16. [A] made [B] served [C] saved [D] used 17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] in general 18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully 19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition 20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end up
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Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）
Text 1
A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK \held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in ￡220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.
Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?
It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run \place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.
A \its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.
21.Copper and her colleague argue that a \A. consolidate the town city ties in Britain B. promote cooperation among Brain's towns
C. increase the economic strength of Brain's towns D. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.
22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______.. A. a sensible compromise B. a self-deceiving attempt C. an eye-catching bonus D. an inaccessible target
23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______ A. endeavor to maintain its image B. meets the aspiration of its people C. brings its local arts to prominence
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D. commits to its long-term growth
24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______
A. a contrasting case B. a supporting example C. a background story D. a related topic
25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal? A. Skeptical B. Objective C. Favorable D. Critical
Text 2
Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world , made profits of more than ￡900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than ￡210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.
26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money\[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase . [B] its marketing strategy has been successful. [C] its payment for peer review is reduced. [D] its content acquisition costs nothing.
27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have________ [A] thrived mainly on university libraries. [B] gone through an existential crisis. [C] revived the publishing industry. [D] financed researchers generously.
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2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语一真题及答案详解
