备战2021年高考英语经典小题考前必刷
01.核心语法之动词的时态和语态
【刷重点】
重点一 一般现在时与一般过去时★★★★★
一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年必考的语法项目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。 1．一般现在时
(1)表示习惯性、经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如usually、often、always、sometimes、every day等。
·On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 周一早上我通常花一小时开车上班。 (2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为，只限于go、come、leave、start、stop、arrive、begin、return、open、close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。
·My dream school starts at 8: 30 am and ends at 3: 30 pm. 我梦想的学校上午八点半上课，下午三点半放学。
(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 ·They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday、last year、the other day等时间状语连用；也可表示过去习惯性的动作。
(2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。
·He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her. 他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know、think、expect、want等。
·Edward, you play so well. But I didn't know you played the piano. 爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。 【必刷小题】(单句填空)
1．(2020·北京海淀区质检)Bales started to think about calling it a day. Then she ________ (notice) something: a single set of footprints in the snow ahead of her.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I ________ (find) a big change there.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ________ (come) first.\\”
重点二 现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时★★★★★ 1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行着的动作或存在的状态。
—I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like?
—Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired, but I don't mind. ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)某些表示位置转移的动词，如：come、go、leave、arrive、start、move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
2．过去进行时
(1)表示过去某时正在发生的动作，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作；也可表示过去某个时间段内一直在进行的动作。
·I walked slowly through the market, where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
我慢慢地走过市场，市场里人们在卖各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我认真地研究了价格之后，买了些我所需要的。
(2)短暂性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排要做的事。 ·I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 我本打算那天晚些时候来看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
(3)现在进行时和过去进行时与always、constantly、continually、forever等副词连用，表示说话人对某种行为的赞赏、厌烦、不满等情绪。
·He was always changing his mind. 他总是改变主意。 3.将来进行时
表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。 ·I'll be doing jobs about the house tomorrow. 明天我要干些家务活。 【必刷小题】(单句填空)
5．(2020·北京石景山区质检)Yesterday, I ________ (walk) down the street when I saw four separate dimes (角) on the ground shining in the sunlight.
6．(2020·北京海淀区质检)We ________ (run) out of bread. Looks I've got to the baker's.
7．(2018·北京高考)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
8．Dad is coming to pick us up and so he ________ (stand) on the platform when we pull into the station. 重点三 完成时态★★★★★ 1.现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与lately、recently、so far、by now、up to/till now、in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。
·Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. 到目前为止，工作进展得很顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。
(2)表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years.
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ ——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)现在完成时用于以下句型
①It is/has been＋时间段＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”。 ·It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. 自我从这个大学毕业已经10年了。
②This/It/That is the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句要用现在完成时。
·This is the first time that I have visited Beijing. 这是我第一次游览北京。
[提醒] 注意避免思维定式：一看到“for＋时间段”，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境是强调“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
·My uncle lived in America for many years and now he lives in China. 我叔叔在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。 2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by、before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
·By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely. 到去年年底，我们已彻底完成了该项目。
(2)表示意向的动词，如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
·I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment. 我本打算帮你的，但当时我太忙了。 (3)用过去完成时的固定句型
①This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句要用过去完成时。
②hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 ·Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 3．现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. 数日来孩子们一直在寻找我们能帮助的人。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
·I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer. 今早我给他打了数次电话，但仍未打通。 【必刷小题】(单句填空)
9．(2020·北京海淀区质检)Audiobooks ________ (grow) in popularity up till now, for they are undoubtedly a useful way to escape the stresses of modern life and a good way to keep busy.
10．(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
11．It was the first time that I ________ (see) my strong grandmother cry. 重点四 一般将来时和过去将来时★★★★★ 1.一般将来时
(1)“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上要发生的事情或临时做出的决定。 ·I hope you will behave properly at the funeral. 我希望你在葬礼上做到得体有礼。 (2)一般将来时的其他形式及用法
①“be going to＋动词原形”表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可表示已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某事。
·Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer. 史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子、女儿们一起游览北京。
②“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、约定、禁止、可能性等。
·The lecture is to be delivered at the hall. 讲座将在大厅举办。
③“be about to＋动词原形”或“be on the point of＋名词/动名词”表示快要发生的动作，但不能与确切的时间状语连用。
·Walk up! Walk up! The performance is about to begin. 快过来！快过来！表演马上开始了。 2．过去将来时
(1)“should/would＋动词原形”，表示从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。
·Yesterday, he said he would come to the meeting. 昨天，他说他将要参加那个会议。
(2)过去将来时也可用“was/were going to＋动词原形”及“was/were to＋动词原形”及“was/were about to＋动词原形”表示。
·I thought the film was going to be interesting. 我以为这部电影会比较有趣。 【必刷小题】(单句填空)
12．This kind of feeling usually doesn't last long. But what ________ (happen) if you feel this way too much? 13．The old woman didn't have any visitors. But every morning, a concerned and wise young nurse ________ (go) into her room. She didn't try to speak or ask questions of the old lady.
14．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer ________ (come), they will invite their students to pick the vegetables! 重点五 被动语态★★★★★ 1.被动语态的构成(以do为例)
时 体 一般 现在 is/am/ are done is/am/ 进行 are being done 完成 have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 will/shall be done — will/shall have been done 过去将来 would/should be done — would/should have been done 2.不能用于被动语态的动词及短语 (1)某些及物动词(短语)：have(有)、hold(抓住)、cost(花费)、lack(缺乏)、belong to(属于)、own(拥有)、suit(适合)、fit(适合)。
(2)某些不及物动词(短语)：happen/take place/occur (to)(发生)、remain(剩下)、break out(爆发)、last(持续)、come out(出版)、come up(被提出)、lose heart(失去信心)、date back to/date from(追溯到)、run out(用完)。
·The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains now. 这座宫殿在20世纪曾三次失火，现在，最初的建筑物所剩无几。 3．主动形式表被动意义
(1)连系动词smell、taste、sound、look、prove、turn等后接形容词做表语时。
(2)表示主语特征或功能的词，如cut、catch、clean、draw、read、sell、write、wash等与well、badly、easily、smoothly等副词连用时。
(3)少数其他动词，如open、close、lock、move、keep常与won't、wouldn't连用时。 ·The door won't close, I think. 我认为这个门关不上。
(4)表示“开始”“结束”的词，如start、begin、finish、end等。 【必刷小题】(单句填空)
15．(2020·北京西城区质检)There, they ________ (welcome) to the Chinese style compound where they were to live.
16．(2019·浙江高考)As they ________ (give) an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.
17．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.
【刷技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
1．掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)题干中如有always、often、seldom、sometimes、usually等，用一般现在时。 (2)题干中如有yesterday、last night、a few days ago、the other day等，用一般过去时。 (3)题干中如有tomorrow、next year、in a week等，用一般将来时。 (4)题干中如有now、at present等，用现在进行时。
(5)题干中如有at that time、then、at six o'clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。
(6)题干中如有at this time tomorrow、from 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。 (7)题干中如有since、so far、up to now、in the last/past few years等，用现在完成时。 2．熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be doing ... when ...，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。 3．分清主动被动，辨析语态
看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到被动语态。 ▲语法填空解题技法练习
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ________ (make) over the years.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other ________ (be) that I wanted to help people in need.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government (start) a soil-testing programme that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【刷能力】
一、单项选择
1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. are persuaded
B. will persuade
C. be persuaded
D. persuaded
2. —Why do you look so worried?
—An earthquake broke out in Jiujiang. The whole research ______ uncompleted since. A. has been left
B. left
C. was left
D. has left
3. --What are you going to do this afternoon?
-I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ______ quite early, so we ______ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going C. finishes; go
B. finished; go D. finishes;are going
4. A new stadium ______ at present in our city. Work on it ______ in another two months. A. is built; will complete
C. is being built; will be completed
B. is being built; will complete D. is building; will be completed
5. -The window is dirty. -I know. It ______ for weeks. A. hasn't cleaned C. hasn't been cleaned
6. — You looked anxious just now.
— I John at ten, but he didn’t turn up.
B. didn't clean D. wasn't cleaned
A. expected B. was expecting C. would expect D. had expected
7. Not until midnight when____________ all done____________ to bed exhausted. A. was the work; did she go C. was the work; that she went
B. the work was; did she go D. the work was; that she went
8. If only I _____________ her _____________ that I book an air ticket in advance. I _____________ a slight change in schedule could have such a strong influence on my travel plan. A. followed; plan; don’t expect C. followed; example; hadn’t expected
B. have followed; instruction; didn’t expect D. had followed; advice; didn’t expect
9. He suggested to Jane that she _____ the problem another way, and her expression suggested that she _____. A. solve; agreed C. solved; should agree
B. solve; agree D. solved; agreed
10. If the dictionary ______ you，put it where it ______. A. doesn’t belong to; belongs to C. doesn’t belong to; belongs
B. isn’t belong to; is belonged D. isn’t belong to; is belonged to
11. To perform well at the art festival, students in my class ________ the dance every day over the past three weeks.
A. were practising
B. would practise
C. have been practising D. had practised
12. —Anything wrong, sir ?
—Yes, madam. You________ through the stop sign. Please show your driving license. A. are running
B. ran
C. have run
D. had run
13. The ceremony has to be postponed because, according to the weather forecast, it ________ at the schedule time. A. will be raining C. would be raining 14. —He’s been to China. —___________ I A. So am
B. Nor have
C. So have
D. Neither do
B. was raining D. has been raining
15. Tom as well as two of his classmates ___________ to the party. A. was invited
B. were in
C. has invited
D. invited
16. Great changes have____________ in our hometown in the past ten years.
A. take place C. been taken place
B. taken place D. to take place
17. A new kind of PC _____________ with more functions. A. have been built
B. have built
C. has been built
D. has built
18. This tradition can _____________ the Han Dynasty. A. take down
B. is responsible for
C. be suitable for
D. date back to
19. I think it would be better to _____________ money _____________ a shelter (收容所) for the homeless. A. take ... from
B. change ... into
C. donate ... to
D. refer ... to
20. The company refused to _____________ the customer’s complaints, A. give way to
B. take part in
C. make use of
D. put off
21. Our singing club Melody had to ________, because some members’ health _______ under high study pressure, which was a pity.
A. break up; was broken down C. break down; broke up
B. be broken up; broke down D. break up; broke down
22. We are confident that the environment ________ by our further effort to reduce pollution. A. has improved
B. will be improved
C. is improved
D. has been improved
23. Tom had to pack his things up quickly, because he was told that his taxi in 2 minutes. A. was leaving
B. will leave
C. left
D. is leaving
24. --- Where is Jack? I cannot find him anywhere.
--- He went to the library after lunch and ______ his essay there ever since. A. has been written
B. had written
C. had been writing
D. has been writing
25. At the moment further research into the virus _____ out. It will soon be shown to the public. A. were carried
B. has been carried
C. is being carried
D. are carried
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than______(divide) us. 2. As a result of destroying the for-ests, a large quantity of desert________（have）covered the land. 3. If he can ________ (combination) his natural ability and hard work, he should be very successful. 4. You'd better ________ (not wake) me up when you come in. 5. Climbing mountains ___(be) really fun.
6. People love to be challenged and they love to show____ their skills and talents. 7. The machine _____(run) well.
8. I often hear her ________ (sing) in the next room.
9. Bryson decided to quit rather than ________ (accept) the new rules. 10. Not only the students but also the teacher________ against the plan. (
11. Neither my parents nor my younger sister_______(be) at home today. (所给词的适当形式填空） 12. She _____________(relate) her childhood experiences in her new book. 13. Many pupils took brooms to the street to ________ up the broken glasses. 14. The students who attended his lecture yesterday ______ more than 500. 15. He took a deep breath to calm___________.
16. The conference will __________ (able) greater international cooperation. 17. Do I have to take this medicine? It ______ (taste) so terrible.
18. Are you having a great time learning English? We hope so! But if at first you don’t succeed, ________ (give) yourself a second chance!
19. To our surprise, the concert prepared by the students turned out more successful than we __________ (think). 20. Only then __________ I understand what she meant.
21. You should keep it in mind that diet __________ (cure) more than the doctor. 22.The little boy __________ (imitate) his father's way of walking.
23. He __________ (apply) himself to the task with diligence all year round in 2009.
24. Tom, together with his friends,_______ (have) gone out to play. （用单词的适当形式完成句子） 25. The scientist and engineer_______(have) invented a new machine.
26. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ____（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 27. He is sleeping in the bedroom. Please don’t______him.
28.The judge signalled______a police officer and the man was led away. 29. 用sharp的适当形式填空
“In order to make a pencil ______ , you need to buy a ______, and then ______ it.” Mother told her son gently not ______.
30. He turned ______ at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. 三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is 31. (well) suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. 32. its high altitudes(海拔), long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, 33. the rest are made into raisins for easy storage.
In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that results from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and 34. (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious 35. (sweet) to the locals.
In mid-September, 36. their Seedless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes37. (transport) to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes 38. (hang) on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put39. in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the 40. (burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 41. ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 42. ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 43. ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 44. ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 45. ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 46. you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 47. the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 48. impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 49. ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 50. ( plain ).
考前必刷01 核心语法之动词的时态和语态（原卷版）-备战2021年高考英语经典小题考前必刷 - 图文
