宾语从句
1、主系表句型----- be 2、主谓宾----- do(vt)
3、主谓----- do(vi)----(不及物动词) 4、主谓宾补----do(vt)
5、主谓宾宾---do(vt) 记双宾语的动词一定要记。 6、There be (不及物动词do)--------be (不及物动词)
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy
在英语语法上,习惯上我们所称的名词性从句指的是宾语从句,主语从句和表语从句的统称。因此,了解名词性从句首先应从宾语从句入手。
宾语从句:我们在前面学过主系表和主谓宾的句型,在主谓宾这个句子里出现了宾语,因此宾语从句是相对主谓宾的句型而说的。因此一个句子里,要出现宾语,则必须要求有谓语,没有谓语,就没有所谓的宾语。
宾语从句定义:在主谓宾句型的宾语的位置上把做为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。可以用下列公式进行表示:主语+谓语+从句be或do。如:
① The girl is in the classroom (注:主系表句型,没有宾语,自然不存在所谓的宾语从句)
② he knows the news
主 谓 宾
③ he knows that the girl is a Chinese
主 谓 主 系 表 4、he knows that I love you
主 谓 主 谓 宾 5、he knows that the boy found a pen on the floor
主 谓 主 谓 宾 补 6、he knows that you give me a cup of tea
主 谓 主 谓 宾 宾 7、he knows that there was (lived) a man in the city
主 谓
谓 主 状
8 he knows that he read his book . 主 谓 宾
9 he knows that he read that the story describes the news . 主 谓 主 谓 宾
10、he knows that he read that the story describes that the new depicts the scenery .
主 谓
主 谓 主 谓 宾
学习应从以下三个方面掌握:
第一,选好连接词,并记住连词永远放在从句的开头。
①连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如:
1)He knew (that) president Bush would visit China next week. 主 谓 宾 状 2)I am glad (that) you can swim in the pool
②连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解。例如:
3)I don’t know whether he will take a taxi there at 9 this afternoon.(or not)
4)John doesn’t know if/whether he can pass the exam for the university. John doesn’t know whether he can pass the exam for the university(or not)
③连接代词which,(whichever) who(whoever),whom(whomever) ,whose(whosever),what(whatever)在从句中的意义:
5)The sailor asked the boy which book he likes?(which做定语) 定 宾 主 谓
6)I don’t know whose sister he loves.(whose 做定语) 定 宾 主 谓
7)I don’t know (who)whom he loves?(who做主语或宾语,whom做宾语,不能做主语) 宾 主 谓 I don’t know who love him ?
8) The conductor asks the passger what he wants ?(what 做宾语或主语) 宾 主 谓
9) Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
④连接副词when(whenever),where(wherever), why,how(however)分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语:
8)I don’t understand when she can solve the difficult problem.(when在从句中作时间状语,修饰solve,意为“什么时候”)
9)I don’t understand how she can solve the difficult problem.(how作程度状语,修饰solve,意为“怎样;如何”。)
10) I don’t understand why she can solve the difficult problem. (why作原因状语,修饰solve,意为“为什么”。)
11、I don’t understand where she can solve the difficult problem. (where作地点状语,修饰solve,意为“在哪里”。)
⑤ 掌握how many, how much, how long, how often,how soon的意义:
I don’t know how much money you have? How much= how much money
I don’t know how many books you have?
I don’t know how often you go to swim ? ---- twice a week
I don’t know how soon you can finish your homework?--- one hour later I don’t know how long the city is from the country?
第二,牢记宾语从句的语序是肯定句语序,事实上,所有的从句(包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句都是肯定句)例如:
11)can you tell me when did you go to school ?(错误,因为从句不能是疑问句,应该把did去掉)
12) Did you understand why is he so angry ? (错误,因为从句不能是疑问句,应该把is放到he)
13) Do you know what time will the train arrive at the city ? (错误,因为从句不能是疑问句,应该把will放到train的后面)
第三,注意从句否定意义的转移:
在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所带的宾语中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。
如:我期望明天不会下雨 I expect that it won’t rain I don’t expect that it will rain
宾语从句公式:主语+谓语+从句be或do。
同样的道理,如果在主系表的表语的位置上把表语变成一个be或者do句型,则为表语从句;公式为:主语+系动词+从句be或do
如: the problem is difficult The problem is what you want . 举一反三,在主语的位置上把主语扩展为一个be或do句型,则为主语从句,其公式为: 从句be或do+系动词+表语 或者: 从句be或do+谓语+宾语+宾补/宾宾 如: the problem is difficult That he learns English is difficult 主语从句 系 表
It is difficult that he learns English 形式主语 系 表 真正主语
再如:he attracts the children
That he learns English attracts the children . 主语从句 谓 宾
It attracts the children that he learns English 形式主语 谓 宾 真正主语
名词性从句
1主系表句型----- be (连系动词do) 2、主谓宾----- do(vt)
3、主谓----- do(vi)----(不及物动词) 4、主谓宾补----do(vt)
5、主谓宾宾---do(vt) 记双宾语的动词一定要记。 6、There be (不及物动词do)--------be (不及物动词)
成人本科学位学士英语:名词性从句
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