英语高三选修九新人教版Unit2：教案
Unit2《Sailing the oceans》教案（2）（新人教版选修9）
Part One: Teaching Design
Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (SAILING THE OCEANS) Aims
To help students read about sailing the oceans To help students learn about the predicate Procedures
■Warming up by leaning about navigator What is a navigator?
A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided. What is exploration?
Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information.
Exploration has existed as long as human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world. In scientific research, exploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon. ■Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven Voyages
In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage.
In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to
the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations.
He was the earliest largest scale navigation in
world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits...
■Warming up by looking and listening
Hello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo.
Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue. I. Pre-reading
What are navigational instruments?
●Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations.
●navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot compass - navigational instrument for finding directions
depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar)
inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon
instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use
asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging;
asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee II. Reading for forms
Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. SAILING THE OCEANS
We may well wonder/ how seamen explored the oceans/ before
latitude /and longitude made it possible /to plot a ship's position/ on a map．The voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century /show that /they were not at the mercy of the sea /even though they did not have modern navigational aids．So/ how did they navigate so well? Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia． Page l：
Using nature to help Keeping alongside the coastline This seems to have been the first /and most useful form of exploration /which carried the minimum amount of risk． Using celestial bodies North Star At the North Pole /the North Star is at its highest position /in the sky, but at the equator /it is along the horizon．So /accomplished navigators were able to use it /to plot their positions． Sun On a clear day /especially during the summer/ the sailors could use the sun /overhead /at midday to navigate by．They can use the height of the sun /to work out their latitude． Clouds Sea captains observed the clouds /over islands. There is a special cloud formation /which indicates /there is land/ close by. Using wildlife Seaweed Sailors often saw seaweed/ in the sea /and could tell /by the colour /and smell/ how long it had been there．If it was flesh /and smelled strongly，then /the ship was close to land． Birds Sea birds could be used to show the way/ to land /when it was nowhere to be seen．In the evening /nesting birds return to land /and their nests．So /seamen could follow the birds /to land /even if they were offshore/ and in the open sea． Using the weather Fog Fog gathers at sea /as well as over streams /or rivers．Seamen used it /to help identify the position of a stream /or river /when they were close to land． Winds Wise seamen used the winds/ to direct their sailing．They could accelerate the speed，but they could also be dangerous．So /the Vikings would observe the winds /before /and during their outward /or return journeys． Using the sea Certain tides/ and currents could be used /by skillful sailors /to carry ships/ to their destination. These skills helped sailors/ explore the seas/ and discover new lands．They increased their ability/ to navigate new seas/ when they used instruments． page 2:
Using navigational instruments to help Finding longitude There was no secure method of measuring longitude /until the 17th century/ when the British solved this theoretical problem．Nobody knew that /the earth moved westwards/ 15 degrees/ every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude /using speed /and time．An early method of measuring speed/ involved throwing a knotted rope/ tied to a log /over the side of the ship．The rope was tied to a log /which was then/ thrown into the sea．As the ship advanced through the water /the knots were counted/ as they passed through a seaman’s hands．The number of knots/ that were counted /during a fixed period of time/ gave the speed of the ship/ in nautical miles /per hour．Later, when seamen began to use the compass /in the 12th century /they could calculate longitude /using complicated mathematical tables．The compass has a special magnetic pointer /which always indicates the North Pole，so/ it is used to help find the direction /that the ship needs to go．In this way /the ship could set a straight course /even in the middle of the ocean． Finding latitude The Bearing Circle It was the first instrument /to measure the sun's position．A seaman would measure the sun’s shadow/ and compare it /with the height of the sun/ at midday．Then/ he could tell if he was sailing on his correct/ rather than a random course. The Astrolabe The astrolabe, quadrant/ and sextant are all connected. They are developments /of one another．The earliest，the astrolabe，was a special all-in-one tool /for telling the position of the ship/ in relation to the sun/ and various stars /which covered the whole sky．This gave the seamen /the local time /and allowed them /to find their latitude/ at sea．However, it was awkward/ to use /as one of the points of reference/ was the moving ship itself． The Quadrant This was a more precise/ and simplified version of the astrolabe．It measured how high stars were above the horizon /using a quarter circle/ rather than the full circle of the astrolabe．It was easier to handle /because it was more portable．Its shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship /as one of the fixed
英语高三选修九新人教版Unit2：教案
