2021届新高考英语人教版一轮复习素养提升训练
Unit 3 Under the sea
基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Last week Mrs. Brown and her child was driving back home after a 1.tasty (taste) meal in a KFC restaurant when a car bumped into hers. That driver obviously got drunk. She and her child 2.narrowly (narrow) missed being killed in the 3.scary (scare) accident, but the child was badly injured. She was in the 4.depths (deep) of despair those days. This case has 5.sharpened (sharp) the debate over a ban of drunken driving. After days of 6.reflection (reflect) I wrote an article, calling on people to raise the 7.awareness (aware) of risks when driving or walking on the road. I also gave some suggestions, including keeping a phone around in case something 8.urgent (urge) happened.
B
Christmas is drawing 9.close/near, but my seven-year-old sister seems to be in low spirits. I am aware 10.of the fact that she is in some kind of trouble, but I don't know how I can help her 11.out. Tomorrow, my mother and I plan to do some shopping if the fine weather holds 12.up. My sister will stay home 13.in the meantime, babysitting our smallest brother. I'm reflecting 14.on what to do to make her pleased. Perhaps a beautiful doll will be a pleasant surprise to her on Christmas Eve.
C
There used to be a small village 15.where the two rivers join. Last winter, a terrible earthquake completely destroyed the village, with dead bodies 16.lying (lie) here and there. It was a time 17.when the survivors had to live with cold and hunger. Food and clothing could 18.have reached (reach) them but there were constant aftershocks(余震), which delayed the rescue work. The survivors, 19.being (be) very hungry, had to eat grassroots that they could find. It was not
until five days later that helicopters came and took all of them to another place to settle in.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．我经常怀念我的童年。那是一段几乎每天都无忧无虑的日子。(It was a time when...)
I often miss my childhood. It was a time when I spent almost each day without worries.
2．当他们正打算看他们最喜爱的电影时，他们听到来自外面的一个奇怪的声音。(be about to... )
When they were about to watch their favorite movie, they heard a strange noise coming from outside.
3．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where...there be...) Remember that where there is a problem, there is always a solution． 4．每天，学生们要花三个多小时写作业。(it takes sb.＋时间＋to do...) It takes the students more than three hours to do their homework every day. 5．我看见他安全地穿过马路跑开了。(see ... doing) I saw him crossing the road safely and running away.
能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic.
The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40，000 metric tons—within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.
The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle
the patch since it was discovered in 1997.
Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think it's also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” — parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.
Ghost gear kills more than 100，000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it's food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
1．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Waste. C．System.
B．Ocean. D．Machine.
A [词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选A。]
2．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?
A．Fishing vessels. B．Dolphins and seals. C．Giant tubes.
D．Abandoned fishing gear.
D [细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。]
3．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation? A．Because they are killed by ghost gear. B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear. C．Because they don't like eating plastic. D．Because they are not feeding properly.
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。]
4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A report about the death of marine life.
B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic. C．Information about ocean plastic. D．The reason for inventing a machine.
B [主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic”点明了文章的主题。故选B。]
B
(2019·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Classifying things is critical for our daily lives. For example, we have to detect spam mail(垃圾邮件), false political news.
When we use AI, such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learning—having the computer learn, using the boundary separating positive and negative data. For example, “positive” data would be photos including a happy face, and “negative” data photos that include a sad face. Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative.
However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases. For instance, when a retailer(零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them(positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them(negative data), since they do not have access to their competitors' data.
According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP, “Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available, but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users. Using our new method, we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.”
According to Ishida, “This discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used. Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used, our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints(限制). In the near future, we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields, such as natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and bioinformatics.”
【语篇解读】 分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。
2021届新高考英语人教版一轮复习素养提升训练：选修7 Unit 3 Under the sea Word版含解析
