第十章习题讲解
做单位根查验有个潜规那么 先从最复杂的模型开始 若是最复杂的模型说非平稳 那确实是非平稳 若是最复杂的模型说平稳 那么要用简单的模型查验 若是所有模型都说是平稳的 那确实是平稳的
答:(1)做利润和盈利的连线图
PFT240140BNU20012016010080120608040408082848688909294969800208082848688909294969800 利润图 盈利图 从图中能够初步判定,利润和盈利都是非平稳的。
(2)第一对利润进行单位根查验,选择有截距项和时刻趋势(trend and intercept),结果如下
Null
ypothesis: R has a unit roExogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic
Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test critical values:
10% level
Null Hypothesis: PFT has a unit root Exogenous: Constant, Linear Trend
Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=11)
t-Statistic
Prob.*
Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic Test critical values:
1% level 5% level 10% level
*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.
能够看到ADF值大于所有临界值且P值专门大,因此不能拒绝原假设,即利润是非平稳的。
然后对盈利进行单位根查验,选择有截距项和时刻趋势,结果如下
Null Hypothesis: I has a unit root Exogenous: Constant
Lag Length: 3 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=11)
t-Statistic
Prob.*
t-Statistic
Prob.*
Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic Test critical values:
1% level 5% level 10% level
Null Hypothesis: BNU has a unit root Exogenous: Constant, Linear Trend
Lag Length: 1 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=11)
Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic Test critical values:
1% level 5% level 10% level
*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.
能够看到ADF值大于所有临界值且P值专门大,因此不能拒绝原假设,即盈利也是非平稳的。
(3)第一对GDP进行平稳性查验,选择只带截距项,结果如下
50004500400035003000250020001020304050GDP607080
Prob.*
Null Hypothesis: GDP has a unit root Exogenous: Constant
Lag Length: 2 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=11)
t-Statistic
Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic Test critical values:
1% level 5% level 10% level
能够看到ADF值大于所有临界值且P值专门大,因此不能拒绝原假设,即GDP是非平稳的。以后对GDP进行一阶差分,并查验其平稳性,结果如下
Null Hypothesis: D(GDP) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant, Linear Trend
Lag Length: 1 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=11)
t-Statistic
Prob.*
Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic Test critical values:
1% level 5% level 10% level
能够看出GDP通过一阶差分后是平稳的,因此GDP~I(1)。 同理可得,PDI~I(1)且PCE~I(1)。
(1)对固定厂房设备投资进行平稳性查验,第一先看图