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Europe is not a genderª²equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely familyª²friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe¬ðs top corporateª²governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women¡ªup to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.

Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?

¡°Personally, I don¬ðt like quotas,¡± Reding said recently. ¡°But I like what the quotas do.¡± Quotas get action: they ¡°open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,¡± according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.

I understand Reding¬ðs reluctance¡ªand her frustration. I don¬ðt like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.

After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position¡ªno matter how much ¡°soft pressure¡± is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power¡ªas, for example, Shery Sandberg recently did at Facebook¡ªthey attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women¡ªwhether CEOs or their children¬ðs caregivers¡ªand all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

36.In the European corporate workplace, generally. £ÛA£Ý women take the lead £ÛB£Ý men have the final say

£ÛC£Ý corporate governance is overwhelmed £ÛD£Ý senior management is familyª²friendly

37.The European Union¬ðs intended legislation is. £ÛA£Ý a reflection of gender balance £ÛB£Ý a reluctant choice

£ÛC£Ý a response to Reding¬ðs call £ÛD£Ý a voluntary action

38.According to Reding, quotas may help women. £ÛA£Ý get top business positions £ÛB£Ý see through the glass ceiling £ÛC£Ý balance work and family £ÛD£Ý anticipate legal results

39.The author¬ðs attitude toward Reding¬ðs appeal is one of. £ÛA£Ý skepticism £ÛB£Ý objectiveness £ÛC£Ý indifference £ÛD£Ý approval

40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of. £ÛA£Ý more social justice £ÛB£Ý massive media attention

£ÛC£Ý suitable public policies £ÛD£Ý greater ¡°soft pressure¡±

Part B Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list Aª²G for each numbered paragraph (41ª²45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. £¨10 points£©

£ÛA£Ý Live like a peasant £ÛB£Ý Balance your diet

£ÛC£Ý Shopkeepers are your friends £ÛD£Ý Remember to treat yourself £ÛE£Ý Stick to what you need £ÛF£Ý Planning is everything £ÛG£Ý Waste not, want not

The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ¡ê60 a week to spend, ¡ê40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ¡ê130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London¬ðs best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.¡°The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I¬ðd lost. But it¬ðs still a dayª²byª²day thing.¡±Now he¬ðs living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He¬ðs feeling positive, but he¬ðll carry on blogging¡ªnot about eating as cheaply as you can¡ª¡°there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food¡±¡ªbut eating well on a budget. Here¬ðs his advice for economical foodies.

41.

Impulsive spending isn¬ðt an option, so plan your week¬ðs menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it¬ðs not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It¬ðs also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you¬ðll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.

42.

This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there¬ðs not the

same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you¬ðll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is preª²packed in the supermarket chiller.

43.

You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer¡ªthat¬ðs not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you¬ðll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to ¡°go off¡±will be cooked or juiced.

44.

Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fishª²sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you¬ðll feel comfortable asking if they¬ðve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they¬ðll let you have for free.

45.

You won¬ðt be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant¡ª¡ê1.75 a week for three months gives you ¡ê21¡ªmore than enough for a threeª²course lunch at Michelinª²starred Arbutus. It¬ðs ¡ê16.95 there¡ªor ¡ê12.99 for a large pizza from Domino¬ðs: I know which I¬ðd rather eat.

Section III Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.£¨15 points£©

I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I¬ðve been able to do this, since I was 4.

I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does¡ªtry to put it to one side. I don¬ðt think it¬ðs harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn¬ðt make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day

before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day¡ªthey both just pop into my mind in the same way.

Section IV Writing

Part A 47.Directions:

Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to

1) inform them about the details and 2) encourage them to participate.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ¡°Li Ming¡± instead. Don¬ðt write your address.£¨10 points£©

Part B 48.Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words.£¨15 points£©

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