北京四中2018-2019高一上学期英语期末试题(含答案)

B. Lucy likes cooking Chinese food C. she cares about Lucy's state of health D. she wants to make friends with Lucy

56. Nicole's mum took an iPad to Lucy's home for ________. A. displaying B. communicating C. cooking

D. chatting

57. In this passage Lucy mainly expresses her _________. A. preference for the Chinese food B. gratitude to the Chinese family C. love of the advanced technology D. affection for the Chinese language 58. Lucy is learning Chinese ________. A. to show her appreciation of Chinese Culture B. in preparation for her trip to China C. to say thank you in Chinese

D. as a way to show her gratitude to the kindness of Nicole's mother

C

How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?

In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that.

Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb 1ess heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks（象牙）, and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.

Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a“bag”at the back of their throat. which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders--they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Young elephants may even eat the dung（粪便）of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.

During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine（尿液） to make them muddy!

As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert, elephant. 59. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means“_________”.

A. remains in the African countries B. drinks 120 liters of water a day C. manages to live in desert areas D. eats 150 kilograms of food daily

60. Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they ______. A. rarely ruin trees B. drink only every 3-4 days C. search for food in large groups D. protect food sources for their young

61. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________. A. stories and explanation B. facts and descriptions C. examples and conclusion D. evidence and argument 62. What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage? A. Overheating the earth can be stopped. B. Not all animal species are so adaptable. C. The planet will become hotter and hotter. D. Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants.

D

We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham BeIls一but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper（雨刮器）? Shouldn't we know who they are?

Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning“who”invented“what”. however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the“why”and“how”questions. According to Mclean, “when students learn the answers to these

questions. they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try. ”

Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of Mclean's statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper invention, ”said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major,“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive. ”Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield. she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built—in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever（操作杆） on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

63. By mentioning“traffic light”and“windshield wiper”. the author indicates that countless inventions are __________.

A. beneficial, because their inventors are famous B. beneficial, though their inventors are less famous C. not useful-because their inventors are less famous D. not useful, though their inventors are famous 64. Professor Joan McLean's course aims to ________. A. add color and variety to students' campus life

B. inform students of the invention of the windshield wiper C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University D. prepare students to try their own invention

65. Tommy Lee's invention of the unbreakable umbrella was ____.

A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm D. not related to Professor Joan McLean's lectures

66. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B. How to Design a Built—in Device for Cleaning the Window? C. Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D. Shouldn't We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?

E

Brilliant Autunm Colors

As trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red, you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains. People are wondering what these colors are for. For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Up to now there have been different explanations for why natural selection makes autumn colors so widespread.

Dr. Hamilton from Oxford University proposed that bright autumn leaves contained a

message：they warn insects to leave them alone. In autumn. insects choose trees where they will lay eggs. When the larvae（幼虫）come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees. Dr. Hamilton suggested that trees could ward off these insects with poisons. They could have strong defenses by letting egg—laying insects know what was in store for their eggs.

Dr. Hamilton and his students turned the theory into a mathematical model which showed that warning signals could indeed drive the evolution（进化） of bright leaves. It was a first attempt to see what was out there.

A research team from the University of Wisconsin gave a quite different explanation. “If you are up here in Wisconsin. by the time the leaves change. all the insects that feed on 1eaves are gone, ”Dr. Hoch said. He believed that autumn colors served mainly as protection.

According to Dr. Hoch and his team. autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost（冰冻）injury一in other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction to the 1eaves. Besides, autumn colors might protect the leaves from water loss. If the

cells in the 1eaves become dry, the connections between the cells will be weakened and the 1eaves will break off.

Although there are different explanations about autumn colors, it has really given them a deeper concern for this time of year. “People sometimes say that science makes the world less interesting by just explaining things away,” one famous biologist said. “But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you are. ”

67. According to Dr. Hamilton, there is a connection between _________. A. the size of leaves and the survival of insects B. the size of 1eaves and the behavior of insects C. the color of leaves and the quality of insects D. the color of leaves and the number of insects

68. Dr. Hoch and his team give the explanation that _______. A. climate has an influence on the color of the 1eaves B. sun damage and frost injury drive the insects away C. the color of autumn leaves has a protective function D. autumn colors bring great destruction to the leaves

69. The underlined phrase“ward off”in Paragraph 2 probably means_________. A. catch B. attract C. ignore D. prevent

70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?