第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气
◆Part Ⅰ 真题变式体验
1．[2017·天津高考]My room is a mess, but I________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
答案：needn't needn't “不需要”。句意： 我的房间很乱， 但今晚出去之前我不需要打扫。我可以在早晨打扫。
2．[2017·北京高考]Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,________easily reach the books on the top shelf.
答案：can can “能够”，表示一种能力。 句意：塞缪尔在我们班上个子最高， 能轻易地够到书架顶上的书本。
3．[2017·天津高考]—Do you have Betty's phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I________ (be) able to reach her yesterday.
答案：wouldn't have been 此处otherwise表示“否则， 要不然”， 又由yesterday可知， 此处表示对过去情况的假设，用虚拟语气，故填wouldn't have been。句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ ——有。否则， 我昨天就不能联系到她了。
4．[2017·北京高考]If the new safety system________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案：had been put 句意：如果新的安全系统投入使用， 这次事故就不会发生了。由句意和主句中的谓语动词形式可知， 此句是对发生在过去的事情进行虚拟， 条件状语从句中应该使用过去完成时，且应用被动语态，即had been put。
5．[2016·北京高考]Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me, I could have helped.
答案：had told 此处表述如果你告诉我，我本可以帮你的。根据题干中的could have helped 和last week可知，设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had told。
6．[2016·天津高考]It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
答案：couldn't 根据“It was really annoying”可知，应用couldn't。句意：真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。
7．[2016·天津高考]I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would ________ (injure)．
答案：have been injured 句意：我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话，我可能就受伤了。根据句意及条件从句中的谓语动词形式可知，设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其主句谓语动词形式为“would＋have done”。主语I与injure为被动关系，应用被动语态，故答案为have been injured。
8．[2016·江苏高考]If it ________ (be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
答案：had not been/hadn't been 句意：如果不是因为那天他的邀请，我现在是不会在这里的。根据句意可知，本句为错综时间条件句。主句和现在的事实相反，从句和过去的事实相反，故从句谓语动词为过去完成时，且应用其否定形式。
9．[2015·福建高考]—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations.
答案：should 结合语义可知，此处表示过去本应该做而未做的事，应用should have done结构，故填should，暗含对对方的责怪。
10．[2015·重庆高考]You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
答案：must 依据第二句可知，此处应用must，表示对现在的很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。
◆ Part Ⅱ 语篇真题演练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2016·四川高考]The giant panda __61__ (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists __62__ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very __63__ (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something __64__ (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural __65__ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. __66__ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda __67__ more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed __68__ (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother __69__ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, __70__ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
61．________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________
65．________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________ 69．________ 70.________ Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一只野生雌性大熊猫对小熊猫的体贴和关爱。 Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。
61．is_loved 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语为单数，The giant panda与love之间是被动关系，且表示客观事实。
62．recently 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处应填副词修饰动词had，作状语。
63．caring/careful 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词，表示“有爱心的”或“细心的”。
64．to_eat 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处用不定式作定语，修饰不定代词something。
65．enemies 考查名词的复数。根据语境可知，此处用名词的复数形式表泛指。 66．When/If 考查连词。句意：当熊猫宝宝哭泣的时候/如果熊猫宝宝哭泣，熊猫妈妈会前后摇晃熊猫宝宝，而且会轻轻地拍它。根据句意可知答案。
67．for 考查介词。表示一段时间用介词for。
68．its 考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰其后的名词mother。 69．drove 考查动词的时态。此处讲过去发生的事，故应用一般过去时。 70．and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用连词连接两个并列分句。 Step 3：代入验证。
需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。
(1)情态动词的基本用法：①can与be able to的区别；②must与have to的区别；③shall的用法；④should的用法；知识 清单 ⑤used to与would的用法；⑥may与might的用法；⑦need与dare的用法。(2)情态动词表推测：①对现在和将来情况的推测；②对过去情况的推测；③几个情态学情 分析
考生在情态动词和虚拟语气的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)考生不能熟练掌握情态动词中的特殊情况，导致在相对复杂的情况中不能透析考查内容的方向，而导致出错；(2)含蓄条件下的虚拟语气出现条件与结论与if条件从句引出的结论不能对应一致的现象，而导致使用混乱；动词的特殊用法(should/need)。(3)虚拟语气的用法：①条件从句及含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气(but, but for, without, otherwise等)；②wish后跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；③if only, as if/though, would rather, It's high time后跟从句中的虚拟语气；④表示“建议，要求，命令，坚持”等词后跟名词性从句中的虚拟语气。 考点1 情态动词的基本用法 (3)条件与结论发生在不同时段，但仍按一致的情况作答，而导致错误。 情态动词的基本用法也是历年考查的热点之一。除了掌握它们的基本含义外，一些特殊含义也要引起我们的注意。如：must “非得，偏要”；shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等；should可表示“竟然”等。解决此类问题，一方面要注意情态动词的基本含义，另一方面，要注意特殊语境下的特殊含义。
1can和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。
—No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. —Oh, you are really his big fan. ——在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。 ——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。
注意：be able to亦是表“能力”，但更侧重于表示克服种种困难后，所能达到的能力。
We were able to finish it ahead of time， though it was such a tough task. 尽管任务艰巨，我们仍能提前完成。 (2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？
(3)could用于疑问句。表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。 —This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Chinese? —Sure, we call it “doufu”．
——这道菜真的很好吃，你能不能用汉语说出菜名？
——当然可以，我们称之为“豆腐”。 (4)表示允许或许可(口语中常用)。 —What should I wear to the party?
—Well, it isn't very formal.You can wear whatever you like. ——我应该穿什么参加晚会？
——嗯，晚会不太正式，你可以穿自己喜欢的任何衣服。
(5)“cannot ... too＋adj.”；“cannot ... adj.＋enough”表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。
You can't be too careful while driving. 你开车时越小心越好。
2may和might的用法(用于倒装句中)
(1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”(用于倒装句中)等意义。 May you succeed！祝你成功！
注意：当may用于疑问句时，其否定回答是“No, ... mustn't/can't.”。 —May I take this book out of the reading room? —No, you mustn't.You must read it here. ——我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？ ——不，绝不可以，你必须在这儿读。
(2)“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“不妨；倒不如”。
If you think the price of beef is too high, you may/might as well buy some pork. It depends on you.
如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。 (3)may well用于加强推测语气，表示有较大可能性。 What you say may well be true. 你说的很有可能是事实。
[典题1] —Sometimes I am even sleepy in class. —It's terrible. You _______ as well go to bed earlier.
[答案] might/may 根据句意可知填may/might。may/might as well “倒不如；不妨”。
3must的用法
(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。
You mustn't park here！It's an emergency exit. 你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急出口。
(2)表必要性，意为“必须”，强调主观方面的必须，其否定形式是needn't/don't have to。
—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting. ——我现在要通知他日程表的变动吗？ ——恐怕你必须现在通知他，以免他开会迟到。
2024版高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题二无提示词填空第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气讲义新人教版
