专题十九 主谓一致
重难点分析
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的数。
一、主谓一致原则一览表 原则 语法一致原则 意义一致 原则 概念 指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式 指主语形式上为单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式 就近原则 谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 There is a knife and two forks on the desk. Either you or he is to go.
二、概念归纳
1. 表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。如： Two hours is quite enough. 两个小时足够了。
2. 以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来接的谓语动词的单复数。
① 表学科的名词(physics等)、书报名(the Times等)、国名(the United States等)或组织名称(the United Nations等)及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
② 单复数同形的名词，如means, works等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据具体情况而定。如： Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。 All means have been tried. 所有的方法都试过了。 ③ the Olympic Games作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 3. 集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。 ① people, police, cattle, youth等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ② clothing, furniture, equipment等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③ family, class, government等名词表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，表单位成员时谓语动词用复数。
例句 Steve Ember is a good player. Children like toys. My family are having lunch now. News is traveling fast nowadays. 4. “a number of / a variety of+复数名词”、“the+形容词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of / the variety of+复数名词”、 “the+形容词”作主语指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The beautiful is loved by all. (表抽象的概念) 美的事物人人都爱。
5. 以and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但名词前有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Walking and riding are good exercises. 散步和骑车是很好的运动。
Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday. 每个男孩与女孩都想要假期。
注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：The teacher and writer is popular with his students. 那位是作家兼老师，很受学生欢迎。(指同一人)
6. 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语用单数。但what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如： What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。 What we need are books. 我们需要的是书籍。
7. 主语后接with, together with, including, combined with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, in addition to等构成的介词短语时，谓语根据主语的单复数而定。如：
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该收到责备。
8. 在“one of+复数名词+who/that”引导的定语从句中的动词用复数；但当one之前有the only/very等修饰时，从句中的动词用单数。如：
This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning. 她是今天早上上课迟到的女孩之一。 This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this morning. 她是唯一一个今天早上上课迟到的女孩。
9. glasses, shoes, trousers等复数名词若其前有pair/kind/type/box of等量词修饰时，谓语根据量词的单复数而定。如：
A pair of shoes is under the bed. 床下有一双鞋。
10. 由“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / half of / the rest of / most of +名词/代词”或“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词视其所接的名词决定单复数。如：
Three fifths of the books are intended for the poor students. 五分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。 The rest of the money belongs to you. 剩下的钱是你的。
11. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词或代词作主语及there be结构中，谓语动词与它靠近的主语保持一致。如：
Not only we but also the teacher likes watching the CBA basketball games. 不仅是我们，还有老师也喜欢看
CBA篮球赛。
12. “不定代词(all指人除外)、many a +名词单数、more than one +名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
All has been finished. 所有的都完成了。
All are late for the meeting. 所有人开会都迟到了。
More than one person has made the suggestion. 不仅一个人提出了建议。 考点练透
一、单句填空 用be动词或所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The United States of America ___________ one of the most developed countries in the world. 2. Every means ___________ tried, but in vain.
3. Not only my sister but also I ___________ good at painting. Both of us ___________ good painters. 4. Going to bed early ___________ a good habit.
5. I, who ___________ your teacher, will try my best to help you out.
6. “All ___________ present and all ___________ going on well,” the chairman said. 7. The old ___________ taken good care of in our country.
8. An iron and steel works, with some other factories ___________ to be built here.
9. The number of people invited ___________ fifty, but a number of them ___________ absent for different reasons yesterday.
10. I as well as they ___________ ready to help you.
11. What we need ___________ enough water, but what they need ___________ houses. 12. Her family ___________ larger than mine and her family ___________ watching TV now. 13. There ___________ a big table and six chairs in the dining room.
14. The rest of food ___________ (leave) for the rest of the students who ___________ (have) gone to the library.
15. We need one of the students who ___________ at the meeting.
He is the only one of the students who ___________ (speak) English fluently.
16. Many a student in our class ___________ pop music while many students in their class ___________ classic music. (like)
17. Each of them ___________ Chinese food. They each ___________ Chinese food. (enjoy)
2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题19-主谓一致
