毕业论文写作的基本要求

毕业论文写作的基本要求

毕业论文无论在内容或形式上都有一定的要求，这也是考核论文成绩的基本依据之一。关于毕业论文写作的具体要求，在以后的有关章节中将作详细论述，这里先说说毕业论文写作的一些原则要求。

一、坚持理论联系实际的原则

撰写毕业论文必须坚持理论联系实际的原则。理论研究，特别是社会科学的研究必须为现实服务，为社会主义现代化建设服务，为两个文明建设服务。理论来源于秘书工作实践，又反作用于实践。科学的理论对实践有指导作用，能通过人们的实践活动转化为巨大的物质力量。科学研究的任务就在于揭示事物运动的规律性，并用这种规律性的认识指导人们的实践，推动社会的进步和发展。因此，毕业论文在选题和观点上都必须注重联系社会主义现代化建设的实际，密切注视社会生活中出现的新情况、新问题。

坚持理论研究的现实性，做到理论联系实际，就必须迈开双脚，深入实际，进行社会调查研究。这也是我们正确认识社会的基本途径。人们只有深入到实际中去，同客观事物广泛接触，获得大量的感性材料，然后运用科学的逻辑思维方法，对这些材料进行去粗取精，去伪存真，由此及彼，由表及里的加工制作，才能从中发现有现实意义而又适合自己研究的新课题。在我国改革开放的实践中，新情况、新问题、新经验层出不穷，需要研究的问题遍布社会的方方面面，只要我们对现实问题有浓厚的兴趣和高度的敏感性，善于捕捉那些生动而具有典型性的现实材料，通过深入的思考和研究，就能从中引出有利于社会主义现代化建设的规律性认识，提高毕业论文的价值。当然撰写毕业论文可选择的课题十分广泛，并不只限于现实生活中的问题，也可以研究专业基本理论，中西方比较研究等。但无论选择什么研究课题，都必须贯彻理论联系实际的原则，做到古为今用，洋为中用，从历史的研究中吸取有益于现实社会发展的经验教训，从对外国的研究中，借鉴其成功经验和失败的教训，或为我国的对外政策提供某些依据。

贯彻理论联系实际的原则和方法，必须认真读书，掌握理论武

1

器。李瑞环同志指出：“强调联系实际，绝不意味着否定读书的重要，恰恰相反，更要认真地读，反复地读，深钻苦研，做到真正读懂弄通。否则，没有掌握理论，怎么谈得上理论联系实际?”(《求是》杂志1989年第24期)认真读书包括两个方面的内容，一是学好专业课，具备专业基础知识。这是写好毕业论文的前提和必要条件。经验告诉我们，只有具备了相应水平的知识积累，才能理解一定深度的学术问题；同时，也只有具备了某一特定的知识结构，才能对某学科中的问题进行研究。正如黑格尔所说，在讨论学术问题之前，必须“先有具备某种程度的知识”，否则，“没有凭借作为讨论出发的根据，于是他们只能徘徊于模糊空疏以及毫无意义的情况中”。(小逻辑》第三版序言)二是要认真学习马克思主义的基本原理，学会运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法分析问题、解决问题。马克思主义正确地揭示了自然界、人类社会和思维发展的最一般规律，成为无产阶级和革命人民认识世界和改造世界的强大思想武器。马克思主义作为伟大的认识工具，虽然并不直接提供解决各种具体问题的答案，但它对我们如何正确地发现问题，分析和解决问题提供了正确的立场、观点和方法，因此，大学毕业生在撰写毕业论文时，应当努力学习和掌握马克思主义基本理论，自觉地用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法来指导毕业论文的写作。

本文为Word版资料，可以任意修改编辑。如果你看到我上传的资料这个后缀，请删除后使用。 高效学习方法和技巧 学习需要方法，找到适合自己的方法，学习才能事半功倍。接下来，我结合我自己的学习情况，给大家总结的高效学习《五部曲》 一、预习是学习的重要环节上课前充分预习，考试前充分地复习，与“打有准备之仗”有同曲之道。预习效果好，听课才能有针对性；听课有针对性，复习才能顺利进行；复习深刻，作业、考试才能得心应手。所以说预习是学生学习过程中一个必不可少的环节。 二、掌握好高效的听课方法课上集中精力听课，是掌握知识的捷径。听讲时，思想上必须与老师讲解的思路保持一致，听老师对事物是怎样分析、推理；听老师解决问题是用什么方法、技巧；听老师对问题有哪些提问和解释。这样才能把握住听课的重点。听讲中，要把自己在预习中的理解，和老师讲解的相比较，看自己和老师有哪些相同点和区别点。 三、合理安排复习时间很多科学家通过研究发现，有几个时间段有利于巩固记忆：一是学习后最初几分钟内，电生理活动引起蛋白质的合成；二是学习后在48小时内复习；三是一周之后脑突触发生永久性变化。根据人在学习过程中这一生理变化，采用复习加强记忆就显得特别重要了。如果我们能够在学习的内容即将忘记时进行复习，那么复习的效果最好，效率也最高。著名的心理学家艾宾浩斯通过实验发现了人的记忆与遗忘规律。实验证明：在学习仅过了20分钟后，就忘记记忆内容的42%，1天后忘却量已经达到了66%，到了第31天，忘却量高达79%。他根据实验结果，画成了著名的遗忘曲线。并表明遗忘的规律是“先快后慢”。这条规律提示我们，—定要尽早、及时地对所学知识进行复习，以便在知识还在大脑内时就加深印记，否则大脑中已经没有痕迹了，只能再费精力重学。合理安排复习时间特别重要并且必要，制定复习计划，严格按精英特计划执行，并力求形成习惯，是我们每一位学生都应该力求努力做到。 我们为什么要复习呢？因为我们记忆效果没有那么好，不可能过目不忘，所以需要重复、增强记忆。同时，复习的进展也有利于学习效率的提高。 四、做作业的科学方法这里有七种做作业的技巧： 1、先复习后做作业。复习是做好作业的关键，只有复习得好，作业才能做得好。做作业前先把老师这一节课所讲的内容认真地看一看，弄清楚基本原理和概念后再去做作业，作业才能做得既快又好。 2、认真审题。 做作业最关键的—步就是审题，连题都判断错了，作业内容就全错了。首先第—步要弄清楚题目的内容，所给的条件，什么要求，需要联系哪些知识等等；其次是考虑好解题思路、方法、步骤，要善于把—道题分成几部分，化大为小、化难为易、分清其中的已知和未知，弄清各部分的联系，设计好整个解题步骤，—定要让自己做到不明白题意不做题，不清楚方法步骤不下笔。 3、细心的做题。 做题是表达思路的全过程，这个过程要求既动脑、又动手。做题的关键是要保证“规范”、“准确”。要做到这两点就要求学生认真的抄好题，书写格式必须正确、规范，严格按照各类题的解题要求，仔细演算解题的每—步，得出正确的结果。只有平时做题认真细致，步骤完整，思路正确，表达严密，准确无误，考试时才能按照这种良好的习惯进行 五、重视错题积累在学习的过程中，同学们可能遇到过一错再错的现象 究其原因，多数是由于在学习中不求甚解，不注意总结积累所致。那么，该怎么办呢？实践证明，自编一本“易错题集”是避免做题一错再错的最好办法。错题本的复习方法：1、每周把该周错题本中记录的题目快速浏览一遍；2、每月把该月错题本中记录的题目再快速浏览一遍；3、每个季度把错题本中三个月记录的题目再快速浏览一遍；4、大考前把该错题本中的所有题目认真复习一遍，确保题不二错↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧－￥???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧－￥???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜≧ɑ←‰ɡ?≥←‰???↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧－￥???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜↓×√㎜↓←②￥←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰??↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠￥θ￥?÷㎝??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜②￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧￥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧－￥???￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜￥＄§|β↓×√㎜??￥＄§|β↓×√㎜↓×√㎜↓←②2

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There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! Dream what you want to dream;go where you want to go;be what you want to be,because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. May you have enough happiness to make you sweet,enough trials to make you strong,enough sorrow to keep you human,enough hope to make you happy? Always put yourself in others’shoes.If you feel that it hurts you,it probably hurts the other person, too. The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything;they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.Happiness lies for those who cry,those who hurt, those who have searched,and those who have tried,for only they can appreciate the importance of peoplewho have touched their lives.Love begins with a smile,grows with a kiss and ends with a tear.The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you can’t go on well in lifeuntil you let go of your past failures and heartaches. When you were born,you were crying and everyone around you was smiling.Live your life so that when you die,you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is cryig.Please send this message to those people who mean something to you,to those who have touched your life in one way or another,to those who make you smile when you really need it,to those that make you see the brighter side of things when you are really down,to those who you want to let them know that you appreciate their friendship.And if you don’t, don’t worry,nothing bad will happen to you,you will just miss out on the opportunity to brighten someone’s day with this message.Since we went to school, we have access to English all the time, because it is one of the necessary subjects. Before we attend college, we keep our attention on the grammar, but now college means the new stage and we should pay attention to practical English. Here are some suggestions.First, it is important to speak out loudly. The purpose of learning English is to communicate with foreigners, so as to get to know more about the world. Grammar is not the only thing we care about. What we should do is to open our mouths and improve our ability to use spoken English. It begins with reading textbooks. When we listen to the tapes and repeat many times, then our d.President Trump, as he often does, had a few things to sayAfter admitting that he had been lonely over the holidays, Trump took advantage of his first public appearance of the new year Wednesday to air lingering grievances, make multiple false claims and reinforce recent decisions that have rattled financial markets and his party’s leaders.As he held forth for more than 90 minutes before a small pool of reporters and photographers, members of his Cabinet, ostensibly called to the White House for a meeting, sat quietly around a long conference table.Trump defended his decision last month to withdraw U.S. troops from Syria and sharply cut the deployment to Afghanistan, moves that disturbed Republican allies in Congress and prompted the resignation of Defense Secretary James N. Mattis. In doing so, he contradicted his own recent claim that the U.S. had achieved its objectives of total victory over Islamic State militants in Syria.“Look, we don't want Syria,” he continued. “We're talking about sand and death. That's what we're talking about. We're not talking about vast wealth. We're talking about sand and death,” he said, seemingly contrasting the war-wracked country with Iraq and its vast oil reserves.Iran “can do what they want there, frankly,” he added, a comment likely to unnerve officials in Israel, who have worried that a U.S. withdrawal from its positions in eastern Syria would allow Iran to expand its influence there.“It’s not my fault,” he said. “I didn’t put us there.”Trump offered little further clarity on the U.S. withdrawal from Syria, which he initially said would take place in 30 days, saying now that the pullout will “take place over a period of time.”Later, in a long riff about Afghanistan, Trump seemed to endorse Moscow’s 1979 invasion of the country — an act that the U.S. viewed as an attempt to spread communism and waged a long, covert operation to combat during the Carter and Reagan administrations.“The reason Russia was in Afghanistan was because terrorists were going into Russia,” Trump said, making a case to leave the policing of hot spots in the Mideast and Central Asia to countries in the region. “They were right to be there. The problem is it was a tough fight.”The Soviet Union eventually was bankrupted by its Afghan war, Trump added. “Russia used to be the Soviet Union. Afghanistan made it Russia, because they went bankrupt fighting in Afghanistan.”Historians generally agree that the Russian invasion and subsequent occupation of much of Afghanistan was one of several factors that contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the country never went bankrupt.For years, Republicans have credited President Reagan with bringing an end to the Soviet Union by his aggressive increase in U.S. military spending.Trump’s comments stood in stark contrast to the view Mattis espoused in the resignation letter he presented last month after failing to convince the president to hold off on withdrawing from Syria.“We must do everything possible to advance an international order that is most conducive to our security, prosperity and values, and we are strengthened in this effort by the solidarity of our alliances,” Mattis wrote.Mattis’ comments clearly stung Trump, who responded last month with criticism of his former Pentagon chief. On Wednesday, he stepped that up, claiming that he fired Mattis.“What's he done for me? How had he done in Afghanistan? Not too good,” Trump said. “As you know, President Obama fired him, and essentially so did I.”Obama did not fire Mattis, although the general did retire several months early in 2013 from his position as the head of the military’s Central Command after dissenting from Obama administration policy decisions.Tuesday was Mattis’ final day at the Pentagon. Trump, in a fit of pique after the resignation letter became public, had moved up Mattis’ termination dateIn addition to his foreign policy comments, Trump also downplayed December’s stock market losses, which erased all positive gains for the year, as “a little glitch” and asserted — wrongly — that there are “probably 30-35 million” immigrants in the U.S. illegally. The nonpartisan Pew Research Center estimates that as of 2016, there were 10.7 million unauthorized immigrants living in the country, a number that has declined in recent years.Trump repeated his call for Democrats to agree to $5.6 billion in funding for a border wall, and expressed surprise not to have received overtures from them over the holidays to negotiate an end to the government shutdown.“I was in the White House all by myself for six or seven days,” he said. “It was very lonely. My family was down in Florida. I said, ‘Stay there and enjoy yourself.’ I felt I should be here just in case people wanted to come and negotiate the border security.”Trump, who met later in the day with congressional leaders away from TV cameras, has already dismissed a funding proposal from House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi that includes $1.3 billion in border security funding.While leaving the door open to a compromise, Trump continued to argue for the importance of a wall, pointing to other examples of barriers. He incorrectly asserted that Obama’s Washington residence is surrounded by a 10-foot wall and cited the Vatican, which he said “has the biggest wall of them all.”“When they say the wall is immoral, then you better do something about the Vatican,” he said. “Walls work.”As Trump spoke, a “Game of Thrones”-style movie poster teasing Iran sanctions — “SANCTIONS ARE COMING,” it read — lay unfurled across the table directly in front of him. But he made no remarks on the subject.He did, however, comment on Sen.-elect Mitt Romney of Utah, who wrote in the Washington Post on Tuesday that he was troubled by Trump’s “deep descent in December” and that his deficit in “presidential leadership in qualities of character … has been most glaring.”“I wish Mitt could be more of a team player,” Trump said. “And if he’s not, that’s OK too.”Seeming to warn Romney about the fate that lies ahead for Republican lawmakers who vocally criticize him and his presidency, Trump boasted that he “got rid of” former Sens. Jeff Flake of Arizona and Bob Corker of Tennessee, both of whom opted not to seek new terms last year.Accusing both men of seeking publicity in taking stands against him, Trump suggested that Flakewould be seeking a job as a paid cable news contributor — or perhaps in another profession that Trump himself once plied.“Jeff Flake is now selling real estate or whatever he’s doing,” he said dismissively.

There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! Dream what you want to dream;go where you want to go;be what you want to be,because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. May you have enough happiness to make you sweet,enough trials to make you strong,enough sorrow to keep you human,enough hope to make you happy? Always put yourself in others’shoes.If you feel that it hurts you,it probably hurts the other person, too. The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything;they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.Happiness lies for those who cry,those who hurt, those who have searched,and those who have tried,for only they can appreciate the importance of peoplewho have touched their lives.Love begins with a smile,grows with a kiss and ends with a tear.The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you can’t go on well in lifeuntil you let go of your past failures and heartaches. When you were born,you were crying and everyone around you was smiling.Live your life so that when you die,you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is cryig.Please send this message to those people who mean something to you,to those who have touched your life in one way or another,to those who make you smile when you really need it,to those that make you see the brighter side of things when you are really down,to those who you want to let them know that you appreciate their friendship.And if you don’t, don’t worry,nothing bad will happen to you,you will just miss out on the opportunity to brighten someone’s day with this message.Since we went to school, we have access to English all the time, because it is one of the necessary subjects. Before we attend college, we keep our attention on the grammar, but now college means the new stage and we should pay attention to practical English. Here are some suggestions.First, it is important to speak out loudly. The purpose of learning English is to communicate with foreigners, so as to get to know more about the world. Grammar is not the only thing we care about. What we should do is to open our mouths and improve our ability to use spoken English. It begins with reading textbooks. When we listen to the tapes and repeat many times, then our d.President Trump, as he often does, had a few things to sayAfter admitting that he had been lonely over the holidays, Trump took advantage of his first public appearance of the new year Wednesday to air lingering grievances, make multiple false claims and reinforce recent decisions that have rattled financial markets and his party’s leaders.As he held forth for more than 90 minutes before a small pool of reporters and photographers, members of his Cabinet, ostensibly called to the White House for a meeting, sat quietly around a long conference table.Trump defended his decision last month to withdraw U.S. troops from Syria and sharply cut the deployment to Afghanistan, moves that disturbed Republican allies in Congress and prompted the resignation of Defense Secretary James N. Mattis. In doing so, he contradicted his own recent claim that the U.S. had achieved its objectives of total victory over Islamic State militants in Syria.“Look, we don't want Syria,” he continued. “We're talking about sand and death. That's what we're talking about. We're not talking about vast wealth. We're talking about sand and death,” he said, seemingly contrasting the war-wracked country with Iraq and its vast oil reserves.Iran “can do what they want there, frankly,” he added, a comment likely to unnerve officials in Israel, who have worried that a U.S. withdrawal from its positions in eastern Syria would allow Iran to expand its influence there.“It’s not my fault,” he said. “I didn’t put us there.”Trump offered little further clarity on the U.S. withdrawal from Syria, which he initially said would take place in 30 days, saying now that the pullout will “take place over a period of time.”Later, in a long riff about Afghanistan, Trump seemed to endorse Moscow’s 1979 invasion of the country — an act that the U.S. viewed as an attempt to spread communism and waged a long, covert operation to combat during the Carter and Reagan administrations.“The reason Russia was in Afghanistan was because terrorists were going into Russia,” Trump said, making a case to leave the policing of hot spots in the Mideast and Central Asia to countries in the region. “They were right to be there. The problem is it was a tough fight.”The Soviet Union eventually was bankrupted by its Afghan war, Trump added. “Russia used to be the Soviet Union. Afghanistan made it Russia, because they went bankrupt fighting in Afghanistan.”Historians generally agree that the Russian invasion and subsequent occupation of much of Afghanistan was one of several factors that contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union, although the country never went bankrupt.For years, Republicans have credited President Reagan with bringing an end to the Soviet Union by his aggressive increase in U.S. military spending.Trump’s comments stood in stark contrast to the view Mattis espoused in the resignation letter he presented last month after failing to convince the president to hold off on withdrawing from Syria.“We must do everything possible to advance an international order that is most conducive to our security, prosperity and values, and we are strengthened in this effort by the solidarity of our alliances,” Mattis wrote.Mattis’ comments clearly stung Trump, who responded last month with criticism of his former Pentagon chief. On Wednesday, he stepped that up, claiming that he fired Mattis.“What's he done for me? How had he done in Afghanistan? Not too good,” Trump said. “As you know, President Obama fired him, and essentially so did I.”Obama did not fire Mattis, although the general did retire several months early in 2013 from his position as the head of the military’s Central Command after dissenting from Obama administration policy decisions.Tuesday was Mattis’ final day at the Pentagon. Trump, in a fit of pique after the resignation letter became public, had moved up Mattis’ termination dateIn addition to his foreign policy comments, Trump also downplayed December’s stock market losses, which erased all positive gains for the year, as “a little glitch” and asserted — wrongly — that there are “probably 30-35 million” immigrants in the U.S. illegally. The nonpartisan Pew Research Center estimates that as of 2016, there were 10.7 million unauthorized immigrants living in the country, a number that has declined in recent years.Trump repeated his call for Democrats to agree to $5.6 billion in funding for a border wall, and expressed surprise not to have received overtures from them over the holidays to negotiate an end to the government shutdown.“I was in the White House all by myself for six or seven days,” he said. “It was very lonely. My family was down in Florida. I said, ‘Stay there and enjoy yourself.’ I felt I should be here just in case people wanted to come and negotiate the border security.”Trump, who met later in the day with congressional leaders away from TV cameras, has already dismissed a funding proposal from House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi that includes $1.3 billion in border security funding.While leaving the door open to a compromise, Trump continued to argue for the importance of a wall, pointing to other examples of barriers. He incorrectly asserted that Obama’s Washington residence is surrounded by a 10-foot wall and cited the Vatican, which he said “has the biggest wall of them all.”“When they say the wall is immoral, then you better do something about the Vatican,” he said. “Walls work.”As Trump spoke, a “Game of Thrones”-st

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