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人
1.
William Shakespeare莎士比亚 1564-1616
书
Three periods
1. Historical plays & comedies & early tragedies Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;
2. Great tragedies
Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记; Othello奥塞罗; King Lear尔王;
The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;； Measure for Measure恶有恶报;
3. Tragi-comedies
The Tempest暴风风雨; Three periods: 1. Short poems
L‘Allegro欢乐的人; Il Penseroso沉思的人; Comus科马斯;
Lycidas列西达斯;
2. Pamphlets & tracts
Areopagitica论出版自由;
The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩;
The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人民声辩;
3. poems
Paradise Lost失乐园;
Paradise Regained复乐园;
Samson Agonistes力士参
脑
Renaissance
Shakespearian sonnet 14行诗
Not for an age, but for all time. 永垂不朽
Quatrain 成组句 Couplet 对偶句
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John Milton 约翰·弥尔顿 1608-1674
(The phases of Milton's life parallel the major historical and political divisions in Stuart Britain. )
Features
Milton's poetry and prose reflect 1. deep personal convictions
2. a passion for freedom and self-determination
3. the urgent issues and political turbulence
4. achieved international renown within his lifetime. Special Features
1. Rich and complex texture, multiplicity of the classical (Biblical and mythological) references, wealth of ornament and decoration 2. Subjects are magnificent
3. The characters are human and believable
4. In the ending, life not death is triumphant Influence
Romantic poets William Blake and Percy Shelley, who saw Satan as the real hero of the poem and a rebel against the tyranny of Heaven........Winston Churchill Artistic features:
1. D had a gift for organizing minute detail---both credible and
Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·迪福 1660-1731
Fiction
Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719
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1. The Father of the English Fiction 2. first important
English novelist 标志着近代英国小说的形成 3. versatile 多产的
Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720 Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯 》1722
A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事 》1722
Non-fiction
The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径 》
Poems
Hymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated the lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) . The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his first ironic poem & the most successful poem.
fascinating.
2. His sentences are sometimes short and plain,sometimes long and rambling---an impression of casual narration.
3. His language is smooth, easy, and mostly vernacular地方的.
everything is common English at its best instead of artificial..
3. His novels enjoy a popularity among middle class. Theme
1. Sings the praises of labour 2. Beautifies the colonialism
3. Reflects the aggressive and brave image of the rising English bourgeoisie
4. Belaud the individualism.
5. Affirm the power of human, espcially the force of reason
4
Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745
( a master of satire )
Dublin ,Ireland
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Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754 （英国现实主义小说的奠基者）
Style: simple, clear, vigorous language; direct and precise prose; a master satirist;
deadly irony & powerful satire. Swift’s Artistic Features 1. Satire
Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm.
His satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.
2. Simplicity and Directness
Swift is always most unsurpassed in the writing. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”
Literary Views
Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传--epistolary novel 书信体小说 1.He firmly believed the educational function of literature Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传 2.The purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct
The Battle of Books书的战争; an attack on pedantry(买弄学问)
A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事; 1. in the form of a parable
2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack on Christianity itself
Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记 Lilliput 小人国--the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党) Brobdingnag 大人国---a satire on English lords and ladies Flying Island 飞岛国---corrupted philosophers & projectors Country of the Horses 智马国---the conflicts of English society and people
A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议
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The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;
Amelia阿美利亚
3.“the just copies of human manners”
(人类态度的完整拷贝） Literary Features
1.The first to give the modern novel its structure and style 2.Third-person narration “all-knowing God”
3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous
His theme:
1.Love & friendship
2.The natural beauty of his native Scotland
3.The patriotism of his compatriots and their struggle for liberty
First Important Romantic Poet 1.Inner spiritual freedom of the individual
2.Plain, simple, direct, immense meaning
3.Vision images 4.Symbolism
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Robert Burns 彭斯1759-1796 (the national poet of Scotland 苏格兰民族诗人)
Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集
Poems:
The Tree of Liberty自由村; Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人; The Two Dogs两只狗;
Songs of Innocence天真之歌; Songs of Experience经验之歌；
(simple without being naive; childlike without being childish; innocent without being insipid乏味 ） The French Revolution法国革命;
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻; 名诗：Lamb; London; The Tiger
Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集
（mark the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning of romanticism in English poetry）; The Solitary Reaper
Composed upon Westminster Bridge
Theme: Nature
Ordinary people Ordinary life
Preface:
Al good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
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William Blake 布莱克1757-1827
(a precursor of Romanticism in English poetry浪漫主义先驱) William Wordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 （Poet Laureate桂冠诗人） (developed and cherished
a love of nature)
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Romantic Poetic Principles \
classic statement of Romantic poetry principles;
manifesto of the English Romantic movement in poetry Literary Concept
The function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things, to “incidents and situations from common life.” All kinds of people, ordinary peasants, children, even outcasts, can enter poetry. Language in poetry
1.He advocated using the language of common people.
2.Imagination was very important in poetic creation.
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Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817
Novels:
Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见; Sense and Sensibility理智与情感; Emma爱玛;
Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园; Persuasion 劝导
Northanger Abbey诺桑觉 Fragments and early drafts: Lady Susan The watsons Sanditon
Writing Features
1.Her earliest fictional ventures are full of charming and delicate comedy.
2.She was almost uninfluenced, by the current fashions in fiction or by the revolutionary ideas.
3.Simple stories of commonplace people of the upper middle class. 4.Her works show a wealth of character studies, and abound in wit, humor and charm. Themes
She never touched upon the class conflicts of her time, and in her works the extremes of wealth and poverty are unknown.
She restricted her subject, matter to a narrow range of society and events: a quiet, prosperous, middle-class circle in provincial surroundings. She treated her writing material with such subtlety of observation, depth of psychological penetration and delicacy of touch that she is ranked among the best of English novelists.
Features
Byron’s poetry exerted great influence on the Romantic Movement, owing to his attacks on political, religious and moral hypocrisy, to the romantic character of “Byronic Hero” and to the easy, natural beauty of his verse.
10 George Gordon 早期：
Byron Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻; 乔治·拜伦 Edinburgh Review 1788-1824 English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评
论家;
Canto I，II，III长诗：
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰罗德·哈罗德游记; Hebrew Melodies 歌谣集 Prison of Chillon Manfred曼弗雷德; Cain 该隐
Don Juan唐·璜 名诗：
She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行
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11 Percy Bysshe
Shelley 波西·比希·雪莱1792-1822
Queen Mab麦布女王;
Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯; The Cenci钦契;
Song to the Men of England致英国人民;
The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行; Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;
Features
1. Shelly was a revolutionary and a democrat. He was fighting all his life against cruelty, injustice, authority and institutional religion.
2. He held that poetry alone could free man and offer the mind a wider view of its powers.
3.“Poetry is a more direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being”
Features:
His poetry is always sensuous, colorful and rich in imaginary.
Keats has the power of entering the feelings of others--- either human or animal. He declared that when he saw a bird on the lawn, the entered imaginatively into the life of the bird.
Theme:
Charles continued to use his books to tell about the bad conditions that the working classes and poor people had to live under. He hoped that by doing this things would change for the good, but they just seemed to get worse.
Analysis of D.C.
1.It’s an adapted account of Dickens’ own life from childhood to early adulthood. (5 Aspects—C. P.)
2.The 1st point of view adds much to the realistic effects and sympathetic treatment of characters.
3.The successful employment of child’s point of view, brings out the truthfulness and geniuses of David’s experiences and his feelings.
12 John Keats
约翰·济兹1795-1821
First work:
Endymion恩底弥翁; Well-known poets:
Isabella伊莎贝拉;
The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;
On the Grasshopper and Crickets 蛐蛐和蟋蟀 Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂; To Autumn秋颂;
Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;
13 Charles Dickens
狄更斯 1812-1870
The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传; Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特; American Notes美国札记;
Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特; The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店; Dombey and Son董贝父子;
David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔; Hard Times艰难时世; A Tale of Two Cities双城记; Great Expectation远大前程
英国文学作家,作品及主要特征风格(吐血整理)
