7步成文第四步基本框架搭建好, “美化词句”细推敲
如果说前三步旨在教考生写得中规中矩、像模像样, 那么四至六步则教考生写得潇潇洒洒、洋气十足；如果说前三步是在草稿中完成对写作基本内容的架构, 那么四至六步则是对草稿内容的完善、润色和升格；前三步让习作完成, 四至六步让习作完美, 从第四步至第六步, 教考生“略施粉黛”, 稍加美化, 让作文由“四档”巧升“五档”。
一、“四档”“五档”差在哪
第四档(16～20分)考纲表述 完成了试题规定的任务。 —虽漏掉一两个次重点, 但覆盖所有。 —应用的语法结构和词汇能。 第五档(21～25分)考纲表述 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 —覆盖—应用了要点。 的语法结构和词汇。 —语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确, 些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或。 —应用构紧凑。语句间的连接成分, 使全文结了预期的写作目的。 —语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或强的语言运用能力。 —使用了语句间的连接成分, 使全文了预期的写作目的。 ；具备较结构紧凑。从“第四档”与“第五档”的评分标准来看, 四档与五档的评分标准差别是微小的, 主要集中在“亮点词汇”、“亮点句式”、“过渡衔接”、“语法结构”等一些能力层级上, 虽然这两个档次的评分标准区别比较细微, 但四档与五档的分差却成为考生成绩平庸与优异的分水岭。
第五档中提到, “语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。”这就是说, 如果考生仅运用基础词汇和基本句型, 不能体现出较强的语言运用能力, 即使表达无语法错误, 也不一定能得高分；相反, 即使文章中有少量错误, 如果是因为使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致, 文章仍可按最高档次给分。
第五档中“有效地使用了语句间的连接成分, 使全文结构紧凑”, 这表明恰当运用过渡性词语可以使文章结构紧凑, 过渡自然, 从而提高得分档次。
[典例感悟] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信, 内容包括：
1．学校的体育场馆； 2.主要的运动项目； 3.你喜欢的项目。
注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
“冤屈的”四档作文(得分19分) Dear Peter, I am very delighted to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may help you know more about it. To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, and it has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up, many kinds of sports events are able to be held, of which Pingpong, football and running competitions are very popular. As for me, I'm interested in basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life. All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself. Yours, Li Hua 升格后的五档作文(得分24分) Dear Peter, I am more than delighted to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about the physical exercise in our school and, I think, the following information may help you have a better understanding of it. To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which Pingpong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, I'm interested in basketball since it has been giving me strength to bravely face the challenges in my life. All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself. Yours, Li Hua 左栏作文用词准确, 分段合理, 而且使用了with复合结构和“of which”引导的非名 师 点 评 限制性定语从句等, 总体来说是一篇相当不错的作文。但是看一下右栏提升后的作文, 就会感叹其语言更地道、更自然流畅, 可谓妙笔生花, 技高一筹。词汇的提升有六处, 特别是have a better understanding of, a wide range of及enjoy great popularity的使用会令人赞叹作者深厚的语言功底, 同时也提升了得分档次；句式的提升有三处, 插入语I think, which引导的定语从句, 及独立主格the stadium set up的使用都恰到好处, 相对于左栏的作文有了大幅度的提升。 二、如何由“四档”升“五档”
[词汇要“亮人一眼”]
词汇要美, 就要多使用较高级词汇。那么何为较高级词汇？众所周知, 词汇本来并没有“高低贵贱”之分, 但某个词汇一旦放在了具体语境中, 如果使用极为得当, 体现了该词的美
妙价值, 为句子增色, 让文章添彩, 它就是较高级词汇。下面介绍4招, 以实现由较低级词汇向较高级词汇的转化。
第1招：“语”众不同, 避免人云亦云
写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或短语, 会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。 ①After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are welcome to talk and express their views about the film.
→After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are welcome to make comments and express their views about the film.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
②I am very glad to know you are interested in Tang poems.
→I am more than delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
③I should be free any time after school next week.
→I should be available any time after school next week.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) 第2招：更新换代, 避免重复
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语, 要用贴切多变的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异, 也是高级用法。
①The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015 ...However, China witnessed a decline in its economic growth rate last year.
→The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015 ...However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)
②Any student who is interested is welcome to participate ...If you want to participate, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow @gmschool.com.
→Any student who is interested is welcome to participate ...If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow @gmschool.com.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
③We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have different ways to deal with such a situation.
→We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.(2015·浙江高考书面表达)
第3招：单词短语, 巧妙互用
一般情况下短语优先, 应多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词, 以增加文采。但有时单词
2019版二轮复习英语通用版讲义：第四板块 7步成文第四步 基本框架搭建好“美化词句”细推敲 Word版含解析
