part of the \group\In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority （优越感）.
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your \
4. The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to _________. A. introduce a topic C. describe the characters
B. present an argument D. clarify his writing purpose
5. An important negative effect of gossip is that it ___________. A. breaks up relationships C. spreads information around
B. embarrasses the listener D. causes unpleasant experiences
6. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ____________. A. provide students with written rules B. help people watch their own behaviors C. force school to improve student handbooks D. attract the police's attention to group behaviors 7. What advice does the author give in the passage? A. Never become a gossiper C. Don't let gossip turn into lies 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
B. Stay away from gossipers D. Think twice before you gossip
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一和第二段“\Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, \told me two days ago.\的“Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman, I can tell you that what they are saying is （a） not nice and （b） not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip （闲话）. ”可知，说闲话这种事几乎人人都会做。根据“I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group. ”可知，下文主要叙述“说闲话”的三个影响。由此推知，文章开头引用两人的交谈是为了引出“说闲话”这个话题。故选A。 【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about”可知，说闲话的一个重要的负面影响是它会伤害被谈论的人。即：给被谈论的人带来不愉快的体验。故选D。 【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.”可知，闲话还有第三个作用：它强化了关于人们应该如何行动的不成文的规定。大卫·威尔逊教授解释说，流言蜚语对监督一个群体的行为很重要。换句话说，这意味着：如果你周围的每个人都在嘲笑约翰穿的衣服或简说的话，那么，穿着类似的衣服或说类似的话会让你得到同样的负面注意。由此推知，Professor David Wilson认为闲话可以帮助人们注意他们的行为。故选B。 【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your \
have.”可知，下次你想要传播最新消息的时候，想想你为什么要说闲话，你的“有趣的故事”可能会有什么影响。即：在你说闲话之前要三思。故选D。
【点睛】细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。例如，在第二小题中，考生可以直接根据题干中的“An important negative effect ”直接锁定答案在第四段第一句。
C
Do you ever pull your phone out of your pocket，thinking it is vibrating（振动），only to find that it isn?t？This phenomenon，which scientists call\（幻觉）phone vibration\，is very common．Around 80% of people surveyed say they have imagined their phones vibrating when they were actually still．
So，what leads to this universal behavior？According to the BBC，the explanation lies in your brain?s ability to discover signals from the outside world．When your phone is in your pocket，there are two possible states：it is either vibrating or not．Meanwhile，you also have two possible states of mind：the judgment that the phone is vibrating，or that it isn?t．Ideally，you match the four states correctly．
However，sometimes your brain decides that the results of missing a call are more serious than a\．Therefore，you become more sensitive（敏感的） to vibrations so that you don?t miss anything． This is just like the fire alarm in your home---it can be annoying when it goes off in response to just a tiny bit of smoke．But that?s a small price to pay compared to a fire really breaking out because the alarm fails to alert you．Now，you might still ask：why can?t our brains just make every judgment correctly without being too sensitive to false signals？The answer is that your brain bears a heavy burden every day．\get a large amount of sensory(感觉的) information that?s coming from your eyes，ears and skin，and you can?t deal with all that information all the time，\Rothberg，a researcher at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield，US，told Live Science．
For example，the rustling（沙沙声）of clothing or the growling（咕咕声）of your stomach may both lead your brain to believe that they come from the vibration of
的your phone-it is like trying to hear your name being called in a noisy room．
So，perhaps you should just check your phone whenever you think it?s vibrating．It?s not too much trouble to do that，is it？ 8. According to this passage，phantom phone vibration ______ ． A. is common among people with mental problems B. can measure people?s ability to collect information C. happens when our brains react sensitively to false signals D. helps our brains to make very quick and accurate decisions 9. Why is the fire alarm used as an example in this passage？ A. To show us the fire alarm is as sensitive as the phone vibration． B. To help us understand the cause of phantom phone vibration better． C. To tell us the phone vibration usually happens when a fire breaks out． D. To convince us it?s important to check our phones like checking a fire alarm． 10. According to Michael Rothberg，which is mainly responsible for phantom phone vibration？
A. A noisy background． C. A heavy burden every day． information．
11. What does the author suggest we do about phantom phone vibration？ A. We should always fully believe our own sense of listening．
B. We should just check our phones whenever we think they?re vibrating． C. We should ignore the vibration bothering when our phones are actually still． D. We should think of the vibration carefully before we make correct judgments． 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. B 【解析】
本文为说明文。文章介绍了人们产生手机振动的幻觉的原因，并给出了解决办法。 【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的However，sometimes your brain decides that the results of missing a call are more serious than a “false alarm\Therefore，you become more sensitive（敏感的） to vibrations so that you don’t miss anything．（然而，有时
B. A lack of much attention． D. An overflow of sensory
你的大脑会认为错过一个电话的后果比“误报”更严重。所以，你对振动变得更加敏感，因此你不会错过任何事情）可知，当我们的大脑对错误的信号做出敏感的反应时，电话振动幻觉就会发生。故C选项正确。 【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的This is just like the fire alarm in your home（这就像你家的火灾报警器一样），this指的电话振动幻觉，由此可推知，这个例子是为帮助我们更好地了解手机振动幻觉的原因。故B选项正确。 【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的The answer is that your brain bears a heavy burden every day．\get a large amount of sensory(感觉的) information that’s coming from your eyes，ears and skin，and you can’t deal with all that information all the time，\（答案是你的大脑每天都承受着沉重的负担。“你的眼睛、耳朵和皮肤会产生大量的感觉信息，你不可能一直处理所有这些信息。”）可知，每天脑袋接受信息和处理信息的负荷很重，这是产生手机振动幻觉的主要原因。此题易误选C，C表达的是生活压力大。故D选项正确。 【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的So，perhaps you should just check your phone whenever you think it's vibrating．（所以，当你认为手机在振动的时候也许你应该检查你的手机），可知，当我们感觉手机在振动时，我们应该检查我们的手机。故B选项正确。
D
A MENTORING (导师制）program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.
Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.
Alex Goldberg, the program’s founder, said： “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.” “We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. For example, we’ve secured internships (实习）with world-famous firms such as Honda.”
“At a time of funding cutbacks, schools are finding it more and more difficult
陕西省西安地区八校2020届高三英语上学期第一次联考试题（含解析）
