《简明语言学》简答&论述
一、简答题
1、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.
2、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.
3、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.
4、Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.
5、The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.
6、Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.
7、Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.
8、Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.
9、Give some lexical items to illustrate social dialects. Try to explain their connotations.20 points
10、What can this rule mean in English grammar? 10 points 11、Define the following sounds in terms of articulatory features10 points
12、Try to tell some of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese nominal constructions. Supply some examples.10 points
13、Try to discuss as many as possible the design features of human language.15 points
14、What can linguistics do for language learning and teaching? (10 points)
15、Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?
16、Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.
17、Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production 五、论述题
1、Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways
to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present.
(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.
2、Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age
3、 Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?
4、 For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure. The girl ate the orange.
5、 Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.
语言学 简答(5页)
