《英美报刊选读》
一、教学目的
通过本课程的学习，使学员对英美报刊有一个清晰的了解，认识英美报刊语言、文体、词汇、语法等基本特点，掌握英美报刊阅读的基本知识及技巧，为独立阅读英美报刊打下良好的基础。 二、教材特点
与该课程旧教材（第1版）相比，本教材具有以下特点：
1．为使学生改变以往依赖教师和英汉词典的学习习惯，培养他们独自排解疑难词语的能力，编者不但向他们推荐工具书，并教授他们使用方法；为使他们能加深对词汇的记忆，还介绍词法和重要词根及词缀。
2．为使学生掌握必要的新闻词语和扩大词汇量，本书在“新闻词语解说”中尽量结合课文，讲透疑难词语。此外还列出一些与这些词语或课文容有关的课外词汇。
3．为使学生掌握必要的读报知识，本书在“背景知识”中尽量结合课文，介绍重要的并时常见诸报端的人物、党派和组织机构等，并举例说明其重要性。
4．为使学生对新闻写作有一个大致的认识，加深对课文的理解，编者较系统地说明标题的若干特点，对新闻体裁的分类、导语和写作特点及常语等做了简介。 三、教学容
《英美报刊选读》为省开课程。
1．授课容：重点为第1、3、4、5、6、8、13、15、17、19、20、21、24、28、30课（共15课），其它容主要供自学。
2．课时安排：
a) 学员自学：2学时/周，共30学时学完15课。 b)
面授辅导：4
学时/次，共4次。每学时辅导一课，最后一学时复习。
3．作业：共四次，在电大英语本科网页上下载，课后完成，交辅导教师批改，评分，作为平时成绩的主要依据。学员完成作业后，可浏览网页上的“答案及详解”，以加深理解，检查自己掌握的情况
四、教学建议
教师授课时应以学生为中心，鼓励学生自己去探索和获取知识。在上课时，可要求学生先回答每课后的练习题—— Questions,使他们基本了解课文的主要容。然后，再逐段或跳跃式选段对学生需要掌握的容、新闻词语和背景知识进行阅读和问答式方式讲解。如果备课充分，学生的英语水平又高，教员可采用美英教员教授母语的方法，抛开课本或讲义，只讲有关课文的重点词语、背景知识和写作手法等。这样，学生除预习外，课后还要结合教员在
课堂上所讲的容好好复习课文。这两种授课方式的好处是，使学生通过自学（指预习）和教师的指导，自己主动去掌握知识。与以教员为中心的灌输式教学方式相比，学生更能巩固所学，并使他们今后更能发挥学习潜能。此外，这也使有的教员摆脱了那种课文注释那么详细而觉得在课堂上没有多少可讲的被动地位和局面。当然，这只是本人的实践和看法。我相信在调动学生主动学习的积极性方面还有更多、更好的教学法。 五.考试说明
“英美报刊选读”期末考试题型介绍
1．报刊名称及常见报刊词汇英译汉：十小题，每题2分，共20分容以辅导书的附录为主. 2．阅读理解：2篇文章，选自作业题，选择题或判断题，共40分。 3．阅读与翻译：一篇文章，选自教材重点课目练习，共40分。
1)．问答题：20分。 2).段落英译汉：20分。 六.课程辅导
《英美报刊选读》辅导一 Newspapers and Headlines
Do you have the habit of reading newspapers in English?What newspapers do you like to read?The following is a list of the major newspapers in Britain and the United States. ● The major newspapers in Britain
Dailies Sundays
The Times News of the World The Guardian The Observer Financial Times The Sunday People The Daily Telegraph Sunday Mirror Daily Express The Sunday Telegraph Daily Mail The Sunday Times
Daily Mirror
● The major daily newspapers in the United States
New York Times USA Today
Washington Post Chicago Daily Tribune Los Angeles Times Detrolt News Wall Street Journal New York Daily News Christian Science Monitor
Newspapers ,along with reporting the news ,instruct ,entertain,
and give opinions. A newspaper has separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business ,entertainment, opinions, comics, classified ads,etc.
You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a
newspaper.For example, when you read a newspaper you usually look quickly at headlines first. Newspaper headlines have a language of their own and it is necessary to learn about it.Please read the following headlines:
Moscow official wounded by gunmen Earthquake rocks Turkey
Husband to sue wife
Boy on cliff rescued
Young Sudanese refugees endured famine, separations from family From above we can see two prominent features of English newspaper headlines:
☆ Headlines are almost always in the present tense and even future
events are put in the present tense。
☆ Headlines generally omit unnecessary words, especially articles
and the verb to be.And is often replaced by a comma. Newspaper headlines can be classified into several types: ☆ Straight headlines give you the main topic of the story.They are
the most common type of headline and are the easiest to understand.
Snow has chilling effects on South Clinton offers Bush advice.
☆ Headlines that ask a question,report a future possibility or offer some doubt about the truth or accuracy of the story.
Can technology fix ballot woes?
Do market analysts have bad aim or bad intentions?
☆ Headlines that contain a quotation which is important or which
shows that a statement is not proven.
Mother:Let my baby go “We won’t quit”
☆ Double headlines are two-part headlines for the same story and are often used for major events.
How Express broke diplomatic silence HUSH-UP ON “SPY” ENVOYS
☆ Feature headlines are used for stories that are either highly
unusual or amusing.Headlines for such stories try to be as clever as possible to catch the reader's interest.
Teletubbles maker seeks funds for expansion Dead student fell under the crush during clashes
《英美报刊选读》辅导二
Understanding Headline Vocabulary
English newspaper headlines use a special vocabulary.A headline
contracts a lot of information into a short space and hence in headlines we often see
● Short words used instead of long ones
e.g. aid=assist bare=expose or reveal; blast=explode probe=investigation woo=seek to win
● Abbreviations such as short names which can be used when they are likely to be identified by the reader.Also initials are used whenever possible.
e.g. Close-up on WILL(WILL=Willam Shakespeare) Yard smash airport gang(Yard=Scotland Yard) MP slams hospital delay(MP=member of Parliament)
● shortened words and slang
e.g. Weekly mag for stamp lovers to be launched(mag=magazine) Br fly into stormover plgeon ban(Br=Britain)
Olivier denies “blackmail” jibe(jibe=an insulting attack)
The following is a list of words with their common headline meanings.Try to be famillar with these words. Word Common headline meaning Exampl
Accord agreement Accord possible today Air to make known TV airs “facts” on arms delivery
Assail to criticize strongly Russ assails US on A-tests
Axe to dismiss from a job Governor to axe aide?
Back to support Algeria backs decision to ignore dollar
Balk to refuse to accept Union balks at court order Bar not to allow Club faces shutdown for barring women
Bid attempt Bid to open border
offer Union rejects latest bid Bilk to cheat Clerk bilks company of $1m Blast(noun) explosion;strong criticism Tanker blast near Manila (verb) criticize strongly MP blasts democrats strike with explosives
blaze fire Blaze kills three cite mention Management cites labor unrest for
shutdown
claim to declare to be true Man claims ghost sighting claim(claim to kill Bombs claim40 the life of)
clash(noun) battle; dispute Marine dies in clash (verb) disagree strongly;fight Mayor clashes with city council
cool uninterested; unfriendly Moscow cool to aid offer curb limit; control Sunday driving curbs planned
deadlock a disagreement that Jury deadlock in kidnap trial
cannot be settled
drive a strong well-planned effort Cancer drive exceeds goal
by a group for a particular purpose
due expected Greek FM due today eye to watch with interest Women's groups eye court vote
ease to reduce or loosen Rome eases martial law eve the day before independence
fault to find in the wrong Study faults police feud dispute; strong disagreement
flay accuse;criticize strongly US flays Russia foe opponent; enemy foil to prevent from succeeding FBI grip to take hold of Cholera fear grips Japan
Violence on eve of Border feud danger to
regional peace
Clinton talks with
congressional foes
folls bid to hijack plane
to Iran
gut to destroy completely by fire Year's biggest fire guts 178
homes
head off to prevent President heads off rail
strike
heist theft Jewel heist foiled hold keep in police control; 7 held for smuggling arrest ink to sign Thailand,Malaysia ink sea
key very important Gov't.wins key vote kick off to begin Fiery speech kicks off
lash out criticize accuse laud to praise PM lauds community spirit line position;demand Israel softens line launch to begin Police launch anti-drug
link connected to Fungus linked to mystery
strongly; College
treaty
campaign
heads lash out at
NUS
drive
diseas
loom expected in the near Treaty dispute looming future
loot(noun) stolen money or goods Police recover loot (verb) unlawful taking away of Rioters loot stores goods valuable nab to capture Gang leader nabbed net to take possession of; Customs check nets over
capture nod approval Minister seeks nod for oil
office an important government Minister quits,tired of
position opt choose;decide Swiss opt to back tax for
oust to take power away from Voters'oust incumbents pact a solemn agreement Peace pact today? Plea deeply felt request Mother's plea;Let me see my
a
$2m
saving plan
office
churches
baby
statement in court indicating Guilty pleas
expected
guilt or innocence Guilty pleas expected pledge promise IOC pledges support poised ready for action Workers poised to strike poll election October poll? Voting station Voters Post position in government, Unknown gets key Cabinet post Business
Probe investigation Governor orders fire probe Prompt to cause Court decision prompts public
Rage to burn out of control Forest fire rages] Rap(noun) accusation charge Corruption rap unfair says
(verb) criticize Safety commission raps auto
rock to shock;to surprise rout defeat completely Rebels routed,leave 70 dead row a quarrel Oil price row may bring down
go to the polls in Japan anger
senator
companies
Gov't.report rocks stock
market
gov't.
rule decide Court rules out PLO talks sack dismiss from a job Jail chief sacked
sack(from to search thoroughly and rob 14 held for US embassy
sacking
“ransack”)
set decided on;ready IMF talks set for April slay to kill or murder 2 slain in family row
snag problem;difficulty Last minute snag hits arms talks
snub to pay no attention to Protestants snub Ulster peace bid soar to rise rapidly Inflation rate soars spark to cause;to lead to action Frontier feuding sparks
attack
stalemate a disagreement that cannot be settled New bid to break hostage stalemate
stall making no progress Peace effort in Lebanon stalled
stance attitude;way of thinking New stance toward power cuts
stem to prevent or stop Rainy season stems refugee exit
sway to influence or persuade President fails to sway union-strike set
swindle an unlawful way of getting money Stock swindle in NY thwart prevent from being successful Honduras attack thwarted
ties relations Vietnam ties soon? Trim to cut Senate trims budget Trigger to cause Killing triggers riot Vie to compete Irish top ranks vie for office
Void to determine to be invalid Voting law voides by court
Vow a solemn promise Police chief vows to catch kidnappers
Weigh to consider Bush weights tax increase
《英美报刊选读》辅导三
The Newspaper Lead
The first paragraph of a news story is called the lead. It almost always gives you the story's main topic and most important facts. When you read a newspaper lead sentence, try to find the subject and main verb and note how the rest of the sentence adds information
to the subject and main verb.
Anwar Sadat Assassinated at Cairo Military Review
CAIRO,October7-Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, a modern-day pharaoh who attempted to lead the Arab world toward a permanent Mideast peace with Isreal, was assassinated yesterday by a band of soldiers who attacked a military parade reviewing stand with automatic rifles and hand grenades.
Note that a great deal of information is included in a single sentence.The writer has organized the sentence around the subject(Egyptian President Anwar Sadat)and main verb(was assassinate) very carefully.
The lead sentence usually does the following:
● Answers questions such as “who?” “what?” “where?” “when?” “result?”
● Adds background to help you better understand the story or State where the source of the story comes from.
《英美报刊选读》辅导四
Read the News Story
In most news stories the most important facts will be found near the beginning-usually within the first two or three paragraphs.The remainder of the story will give details explaining and clarifying the main points,or introducing new,but less important information. The following is a formula for a typical news story;
● Paragraph One
The story's subject and most important facts. ● Paragraph Two
Important facts that the writer was unable to include in the
lead;
Information to clarify the facts in the lead; A particularly important quote. ● The rest of the story
Specific details to answer readers' questions;
Statements and opinions by people involved in the story or by
outside observers;
Background information; New,but less important facts.
Accordingly, when you read a news story, you are to: ● Read the beginning of the story very carefully because it
contains the most important fact.
● Try to look for more facts than those given in the lead.
● If you don't understand something at the beginning of a story,
keep reading for a second(and perhaps a third) chance to understand.
《英美报刊选读》辅导五
Reading the Feature Story in a Newspaper
In most news stories the main points come very early and less
impotant information comes later.There is another kind of story_the feature story which follows a different format,the feature format.
Popular Magazines and Magazine Articles
Reading popular magazines is a good way to enlarge our vocabulary
and learn a little bit about many topics in English.The following is a list of major magazines in Britain and the United States.
● Magazines in Britain
The Economist Britain Today
The Spectator Contemporary Review New Statesman London Magazine New Scientist Observer Review The Listener Punch British Weekly
● Magazines in the United States
Time US News & World Report
Newsweek Reader's Digest Life Business Weekly Fortune Harper's
People American Review
The New Yorker
Very often we read magazines while traveling or relaxing anywhere.Writers of magazine articles do not expect their audience to spend too much time reading and try to make the main ideas stand out clearly. The task for the reader is to locate these main ideas quickly.
Popular magazine writers use various devices to capture a reader's attention:clever titles,short paragraphs and compound nouns to economize on words.Articles in magazine often have characteristics similar to those found in news stories or articles found in newspapers.Here are some feautures of magazine articles:
● An introductory paragraph summarize the main idea; ● The details are given in the rest of the articles; ● The author's view of the subject is directed to a particular
audience but may interest readers in general.
《英美报刊选读》辅导六
Reading Advertisements
Most magazines and newspapers contain advertisements that are designed to make us want the product.Advertisers want us to believe that their product is important for a good life. Some advertisements even present viewpoints on timely subjects.Like newspaper editorials.Such ads try to influence the reader's opinions. The language of advertising must be a language of immediate impact and rapid persuasion. No one is likely to spend much time deciding whether to read a printed advertisement or listen to a
spoken one:If their attention is not attracted immediately and held firmly for the short amount of time necessary to absorb what is being said. Then the advertisement will have miserably. So the advertising language uses a basically simple grammatical structure and a richly suggestive and descriptive vocabulary. Read the following ad.
Only the cream of the crop files
Our chefs buy only the freshest and most expensive ingredients for our kitchens. Anywhere.
Because they believe that good food really is the way to a person's heart.
Obviously, there are many who would agree.
In fact, experienced travelers have rewarded Swissair with the greatest percentage of repeat business. Which is not something we take lightly. Because travelers who fly more, expect more.
So our chefs prepare five gourmet selections for every flight. Plus any one of 15 different special meals on request:
Hindu,Kosher,Moslem,diabetic,slat-free,vegetarian,dietetic…you name it.
Only the best will please Swissair passengers.
The cream of the crop.
Swissair has worldwide departures from New York, Boston, Chicago, Montreal and Toronto.
Call Swissair of your travel expert SWISSAIR
In the above ad, a great deal is said in a few words. We see short sentences, vivid language, and many informal, popular expressions. They appeal to all of the senses.
When you read an advertisement, you may:
● Look for the hidden message; the way in which an advertiser
uses words and pictures to influence readers opinions and attitudes.
● Read between the lines for meanings implied rather than
clearly stated.
● Find the source of its appeal to the senses.
《英美报刊选读》问题详解解析汇报
