专题四 语法填空
考点设置 有提示词 无提示词 其年份 体裁 题材 词性谓语转化 动词 非谓语动词 比较等名词的代冠介代并列从句连他语境词 词 词 词 连级 数 词 词 填词 2019.6 说明文 校服的好处 咖啡因对3 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2018.11 说明文 人类健康的影响 享受1 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2018.6 议论文 做饭的乐趣 积累2 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2017.11 说明文 词汇的方法 失而2 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2017.6 记叙文 复得的戒指 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
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[考纲解读]
语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，将语法考查提高到语篇层次，在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。
语法填空考查形式分为有提示词(6至7个)和无提示词(3至4个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词的数；形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法，主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。
[命题趋势]
1．该题型以后会更加突出语篇，强调运用。因此，我们要及时转变观念，关注语法在语篇中的交际使用情况，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。
2．同时，还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养，继续重视语言运用的准确性。
3．语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础，要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。
技巧一 有提示词类
一、提示词是动词
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提示词为动词时，通常考查谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式。 [考向1] 考查谓语动词
若句子中没有谓语，或者有并列连词连接两个谓语，则需要填谓语动词形式，此时考生应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态，以及谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。
[典例1] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.____________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.belief(believe) that populations are increasing.
[解析] have reported 考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故本空填have reported。
[典例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70.____________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[解析] are 考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语six表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。
[考向2] 考查非谓语动词
若句子中已经有了谓语动词，且此空不作并列谓语，则需要填非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分，非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间存在主动还是被动关系，以及非谓语动词和谓语动词的时间先后顺序，从而确定所填动词的适当形式。
(1)作主语或宾语，通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。 [典例3] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.__________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.higher(high) than they actually are.
[解析] noting 考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用动名词作宾语，故本空填noting。 [典例4] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid
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64.____________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65.challenged(challenge)．
[解析] looking 考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故本空填looking。 (2)作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。
[典例5] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63.of tracking polar bear populations have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
64.____________(perform) consistently over a large area.
[解析] to perform 考查非谓语动词。本句含有“sth.＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。
[典例6] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long 62.____________(see) the benefit.
[解析] to see 考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此空处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此本空应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。
(3)作伴随状语时，通常用分词形式，若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系， 用现在分词；若是被动关系， 用过去分词。
[典例7] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay, we 49.were__invited(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 50.____________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
[解析] listening 考查非谓语动词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故本空填listening。
[典例8] (全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots，44.____________(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
[解析] using 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词cooked，故空处应为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故本空填using。
(4)动词的词性转换主要是转换为名词作主语、宾语，或转换为形容词作表语和定语。 [典例
9]
(2019·浙江卷
6
月)Other American studies showed no
64.____________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
[解析] connection/connections 考查词性转换。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故本空填connection/connections。
[典例10] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local
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events and let us know of an interesting 46.____________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
[解析] competition 考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛，故本空填competition。
[典例11] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased 66.____________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
[解析] pollution 考查词性转换。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。 二、提示词是名词
提示词为名词时，通常考查名词复数、名词所有格，名词与形容词、名词与副词之间的转换。词性的选择取决于文章的语境和语法规则。
[考向1] 考查名词复数
[典例12] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.____________(cause)．
[解析] causes 考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故本空填causes。
[典例13] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.____________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
[解析] effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故本空填名词复数形式effects。
[考向2] 考查名词与形容词的转换 [典例
14]
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many
47.____________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 48.hugely (huge) popular with tourists.
[解析] traditional 考查词性转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词，故本空填traditional。
[典例15] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce
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（浙江专用）2020高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空教案
