外研版英语必修一知识点归纳
第一单元
第一部分词汇短语过关
1. __________ adj. 热心的， 热情的→enthusiasm n. 热心；热情 2. ________ adj. 令人惊异的→ _______ v. 使吃惊→ ________ adj. 感到吃惊的→ amazement n. 惊愕， 惊异 3. __________ n. 信息→ inform vt. 通知， 告知
4. __________ n. 指示， 用法说明→ instruct v. 教导， 命令， 指示
5. ______ adj. 令人厌烦的→ _______ adj. (对某人/事物)厌倦的， 烦闷的→ ______ vt. 使厌烦
6. ___________ adj. 尴尬的， 难堪的 → __________ v. 使困窘， 使局促不安→ _____________ adj. 令人为难的 → embarrassment n. 窘迫；为难
7. __________ n. 行为， 举止→behave v. 举动， 举止
8. __________ n. 描述；形容；描写→ describe vt. 描写， 记述
9. _______ vt. 使(人)印象深刻；使铭记→ __________ n. 印象， 感想→ impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
10. __________ n．纠正， 改正→correct adj.正确的→ _______ v．改正， 纠正， 批改
11. __________ v. 鼓励， 激励→ __________ adj. 鼓舞人心的→ ___________ adj. 受到鼓舞的， 更有信心的 → encouragement n. 鼓励， 奖励
12．enjoyment n. 享受， 乐趣→ _______ v. 享受， 喜欢→ ________ adj. 令人愉快的， 有乐趣的 13．fluency n. 流利， 流畅→ _______ adj. 流利的， 流畅的
14. _____________ adj. 失望的→ ______________ adj. 使人失望的， 令人失望的→ disappoint vt. 使失望→ _____________ n. 失望
15. _________ n. 助手， 助理→ assist v．帮助
短语检测
1．与……相似 8．期待；盼望 2．某人对(做)某事的态度 9．对……印象深刻 3．离……远， 远非 10．在……开始的时候 4．一点不像， 与……完全不同 11．在……结束的时候 5．玩得很开心 12．被(划)分成…… 6．起初， 一开始 13．参加 7．换句话说 14．课外活动 第二部分 语法精讲
一.because,since,as,for,because of的区别（语气由强到弱）
(1) because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前。 (2) 回答why 提出的问题，只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如： A：Why can’t I go? 我为什么不能去？
B：Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。
(3) because 引导的从句可用于强调句，其余三者不能。哪： It’s because he is kind that we like him. 是因为他对人友好，我们才喜欢他。
(4) because 从句可用表语，其余三者不能。如： This is because the earth is travelling round the sun. 这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。
(5) not… because 这一结构中的not 有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的(合逻辑的)理解。若 not 否定主句，最好在because 之前用逗号，否则容易引起歧义： I didn’t go because I was afraid. 1) 我没有去是因为我怕。 2) 我不因为怕才去。
不过若because 之前有just 修饰，一般认为not 只能否定从句。如：
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。 (6) 表示“……的原因是因为……”这一意义时，一般要用The reason why…is that…。如： The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的原因是(因为)他病了。 注：在阅读中有时也可见到The reason why...is because...这样的说法，但比较少见。 2. 关于since 和 as
(1) since和as表示的原因是人们所知的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因。since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，两者通常都放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后。如： Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了，你应该休息。
As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好，我决定独自去。 (2) since 可用于省略句，而其它三者不能。如：
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Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此，就再没有什么好说的了
(3) since “因为,既然” 侧重主句，主句表示显然的或已知的理由。强调说话者和听者双方都知道的原因，常译为“既然”，一般用在这样的句子里。例如：
Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of coffee.
(4) as 是从属连词，说明一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句通常放在句首，有时也可放在句末。
例如：As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi. 天下雨了，你最好乘出租车。 3. 关于for
(1) for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后，且可与because换用)，有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。如：
The ground is wet, for (或because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。
It rained last night, for (不能用because) the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨，(你看)今天早上地面都是湿的。
(2) for “因为,由于”表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号。for分句不放句首.是用来附带解释或说明前一分句的原因和理由。例如： Day breaks, for the cock crows.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. I won't go in, for my father is there.
（5）because of是介词短语，在句子作状语，后面只能跟名词，代词，或者what引导的从句。
Because of my bad leg ,I couldn’t walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿坏了我不能像其他人走得那么快。置于句首做状语但用逗号与其他部分分开
Because of his wife’s being there, I said nothing about it.因为他妻子在场我对此事只字未提。(接-ing分词） He realized that she was crying because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。(接what从句)
练习：用because,since,as,for,because of填空
1.Why do you like the teacher?----_________he is kind and enthusiastic. 2.It was _____ his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning. 3._____it is hot,let’s go swimming
4.Parents should take seriously their children’ requests for sunglasses_______eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
5.______ he can’t answer the question,you’d better ask someone else. 6.He realized that the teacher was angry _______what he had said. 7.________I haven’t seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. 8.The days are short,for ________it is now December. 改错
1.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.
二.be similar to:与......相似
The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与纽约的天气很相似 Be different from与...不同。
Their tastes are different from mine他们的爱好与我的不同。 （1）Your views on education are similar _____mine. A in B to C from D with
(2)I saw no difference in Paris. It’s just like our Shanghai. A similar B likely C like D same
be similar in在...方面相似 The two house are similar in size. 翻译：
（1）她在很多方面与她妈妈相似 （2）他的外套和你的相似。
三..–ed形容词和–ing形容词的用法区别
传统的观点许多参考书认为：-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用，-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是：假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动，那么不仅他的课非常interesting，而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人)。 比较：
I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。
He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。 He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。
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另一方面，-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会： a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕) a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕) an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动) an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)
由于传统的观点说得太绝对，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱 _____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______？
A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interesting D. How, interested 正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：
1. 以后缀 –ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：
He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；
第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。 原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)<'Times New Roman'\等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如： The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。 请再比较并体会以下句子：
He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。 He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。 I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。
学练结合请做做以下试题，看你是否能克服原来的思维定势，能否跳出命题人的陷阱： 1. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
2. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing;worrying B. disappointing;worried C. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying
3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______. A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring 4. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring
5. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly
说明主语因……而产生的情绪反应，从而影响到人的身体部位……trembling。 ed形式及常见短语与 ing形式形容词归纳
excited (be ~d about) / exciting frightened (be ~ed at / of ) / frightening surprised (be ~d at) //surprising tired (be ~d of) / tiring amazed (be ~d at) //amazing bored (be ~d with) / boring embarrassed(be ~ed in) //embarrassing relaxed (无固定搭配) / relaxing encouraged(be ~ed at / by) / encouraging fascinated (be ~d by) / fascinating frustrated (be ~d of) / frustrating annoyed (be ~ed with) / annoying interested (be ~ed in) / interesting moved (be ~d by) / moving thrilled (be ~ed at) / thrilling worried (be worried about) / worrying terrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / terrifying confused (be confused about) / confusing pleased (be ~d with) / pleasing, = pleasant satisfied(be satisfied with) / satisfying
练习：
一 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空 1. The children were ____after the trip. （tire） 2. The trip was____. （tire）
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3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. （tire） 4. The ____trip lasted a whole day. （tire） 5. The trip made the children____. （tire） 6. The bad weather made the trip____. （tire）
7. Tom’s parents are ____ at his ____ results of the exams．（disappoint） 8. ____and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint） 9. It is ____that he didn’t pass the examination．（disappoint）
10. When hearing the____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were____to look at each other. （surprise）
11. He was ____ about his ____ son. （worry）
12. I'm not ____with his interpretation of this sentence. （satisfy） 13. He was ____with the ____person. （annoy）
14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a____ look on his face. （frighten） 15. The situation here is ____and we are____. （encourage） 二 巩固练习：
1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______to arrive.（2008·全国卷I） A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 2. —Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008·上海高考) —Terry? Never! He _____ tents and fresh air! A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates
3. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008·山东高考) A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
4. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008·福建高考) A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
5. Some of the people who ________ to the party can’t come now. (2008· 烟台模拟) A. had been invited B. have been invited C. are invited D. invited
6. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
7. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing; worried C. disappointed; worried D. disappointed; worrying 8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______. A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring 9. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring
10. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.
A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly 11._____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______？
A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested 四.倍数的三种表达法：
1. Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many 2. Paper produced every year is _______ the world's production of vehicles.
A. the three weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as 3.With the help of the German experts， the factory produced ______ cars in 1993 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 4. This ship measures ________ that one.
A. as twice as long B. as twice long as C. twice long as D. twice as long as
5. After the new technique was introduced， the factory produced _______ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many as C. as twice as many D. twice as many 五impress v.使印象深刻
(1) impression n. 印象；感想 impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的
(2) impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下印象 be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻
例He impressed me with his wisdom=I was impressed with /by his wisdom他的智慧给我留下了深刻的印象。 (3) impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到重要性
Her talent impressed itself on my mind她的才华在我心里印象深刻 (4) make an good/bad impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 练习
1.The headmaster ______a very good impression on the parents at the meeting A got B took C made D did
2.She impressed everyone______her beauty.
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A by B with C on D in 3.用适当的介词填空
（1）The child impressed us______clever
（2）The people present were all impressed ______his sense of humor （3）The old man’s word were deeply impressed _____my memory 用impress或其短语的正确形式填空
(1) When I asked Mike what impressed him most about the hostess, he told me he was deeply _____________the hostess’ enthusiasm. I agreed that the hostess’ enthusiasm was really __________ and it made a great _____________ me too.
(2) I _____________Peter the importance of the meeting. 六.look forward to dong sth期盼着做某事。 look back (on/to sth.) 回想， 记起 look on 旁观
look out (for sb./sth.) 小心， 当心， 留心(某人或某物) look ____through___ sth. 仔细检查， 快速阅读(某物) look sth. up 查阅， 向上看 look up to sb. 赞赏/尊敬某人
look down on/upon 轻视， 看不起 look ___into__ 调查
Every child is looking forward to the Spring Festival. 每一个孩子都期盼着过年 We are looking forward to seeing each other soon. 我们期盼着尽快看到彼此 The day I have been looking forward to _____soon A will come B come c came D coming
The day we had been looking forward to ________ at last. A．come B．had come C．came D．coming
根据语境用look短语填空 (1) She ______________ her notes before the exam. (2) __________There’s a car coming. (3) A working party has been set up to __________the problem. (4) Can you __________the time of the next train? 七.that ,it, one , ones, the one 与the ones(those)的区别 （1）. it
1) 代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物(同名同物)，不能带修饰语： ---Do you want the magazine? ---Yes，I want it. I don't want to drink the tea．It is too hot．
2) it用作人称代词时，可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语，也可替代性别不明的婴儿。 Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off. No, she was not at home last night. What about it? It would be a pity to miss it. It is not worth getting upset.
It's probable that we'll be a little late.
I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious. She thought it a waste of time arguing with him. George made it dear that he disagreed. 2. one
1）代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，表泛指（同类但不是同一） 前面可以有冠词或形容词， 也可以有this或that或another，但 前不能有物主代词：
I have 1ost my pen．I’m going to buy one. This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. I prefer this one to that one. 比较：
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden.
（不能说：... a one with a garden.）
2）one作为不定人称代词, 可泛指“任何一个人”，有one's 和oneself形式。多用于正式文体，口语中也可用he/his代替第二个one/one's.
One has to take care of oneself and one's family if he can. One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.
If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide. (如果一个人想看那废墟, 他必须找自己的向导。)
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(完整版)外研版英语必修一知识点归纳
