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初中英语中考情态动词考点及练习学习资料

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情态动词

【情态动词】 又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点:

⑴ 它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形

表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 ⑵ 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s (以be和have 开头的情态动词短语除外)。 ⑶ 在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性”。

例:can既可表示能力,又可表示可能、允许等意义。

【情态动词的基本用法】

1. can的基本用法:

⑴ 表示体力或智力上的能力,即“能够,会”,可与be able to转换。 例:He can speak English. = He is able to speak English. —Can you play basketball? — No, I can’t.

如果表示将来具备的能力,要用will be able to。

例:If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. ⑵ 表示许可,主要用于口语,书面语一般用may。 例:—Can we go home now, please? — No, you can’t.

You can only smoke in this room.

You can’t keep the library books for more than a month.

⑶ 表示“可能”,与may同义,但一般用在疑问句中。 例:What can he possibly want?

在否定句中,否定形式can’t表示推测“不大可能”。 例:Anybody can make mistakes.

The news can’t be true.

与第一、二人称连用时,还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议。在这里,也可用could使语气婉转。

例:Can / Could we meet again next week? 下周我们可以再见面吗?

—What shall we do? 我们怎么办呢?

— We can / could try asking Lucy for help. ——我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。 You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭。 2. may的基本用法:

⑴ 表示“许可”,用can比较口语化。

例:You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来,你就来。

You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花。

(may not表示按规定不许可,如果用mustn’t则表示说话人不许可。) —May I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?

—No, you mustn’t. 不行。(mustn’t表示明确的禁止。) ⑵ 肯定句中表示推测,“可能”。

例:It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。

The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的。 注意:如果在疑问句中表示“可能”,通常用can。 例:Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?

Who can he be? 他究竟是谁呢? ⑶ 【注意】:—May I/we……?

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—Yes, you may./—No, you mustn’t. 3. must的基本用法:

⑴ 表示必须,强调说话人的主观意志。 例:I must go now, or I’ll be late.

You must be here by ten o’clock.

【注意】:表示“必须“时,must的否定式为needn’t ,或don’t have to ,而不是mustn’t。

也就是:—Must I/we do it now? —Yes, you must . —No, you needn’t /don’t have to . 例:—Must I go with them? —No, you .

⑵ 表示推测,一般只用于肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定。

例:She didn’t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看,一定是生气了。

He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英语好,准知道这个词。 You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是琼斯先生吧。 4. have to的基本用法:

have to可视为情态动词,但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而have to却有人称和数的变化,要视主语的不同而变化。 例:I / You / We / They have to….

He / She / It has to…. You don’t have to…. Does she have to…?

have to =have got to,意思是“必须,不得不”。 和must不同之处:must强调主观需要

have to强调客观需要。

例:Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起,现在我得走了。

I’ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议。

Will he have to work deep into the night? 他将不得不工作到深夜吗? 5. need的基本用法:

need的基本词义是“需要”,它既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词。

⑴ need用作情态动词时,只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式,后接动词原形。 例:I don’t believe you need worry. 我相信你没有必要焦急。

—Need we go so soon? 我们需要这么早就去吗?

— Yes, we must. / No, we needn’t. 是的,必须。/不,不必。 So I needn’t tell him, need I? 所以我不需要告诉他,对吧? 请比较以下两句话的不同意思:

You needn’t buy the coat. 你没有必要买那件外衣。(你还没买)

You needn’t have bought the coat. 你没有必要买这件外衣的。(而你却买了) 【注意】:—Need I/we……? —Yes,you must ./—No, you needn’t / don’t have to . ⑵ need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化。 如果人作主语,一般后接带to的动词不定式。即need to do sth; 如果物作主语,一般后用need to be done 或need doing sth。 例如:I need to look up this word in the dictionary. My watch needs mending/to be mended. 我的手表需要修理了。 We don’t need to work today. (= We needn’t work today.) Does he need to go right now? (= Need he go right now?)

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6. had better的基本用法:

had better常略作’d better。现代语法认为它是一个助动词,因为它后接不带to的动词不定式。 had better do sth意思是“最好做某事;还是做某事比较好”。 例:You’d better get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿。 You’d better not do that again. 你最好别再做那件事。 What had we better do now? 我们现在怎么做才好呢?

Hadn’t we better tell her the truth? 我们是否最好不告诉她真相? 【注意】:You’d better….表示劝告或委婉的命令,对长辈不宜使用。 7. could, should, would, might表示推测:

①. must多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推测,意思为“一定、肯定”。

如: You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你已辛苦工作一整天了,一定累了。

The book must be his. His name is on the cover. 这本书一定是他的,封面上写着他的名字。

【注意】 must不表推测时,在肯定句中意思为“必须(强调内在的职责)”,在否定句中意思为“不许、禁止”,以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用needn’t或don’t (doesn’t) have to。 如:We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 Cars mustn’t be parked here. 此处严禁停车。

—Must we hand in the papers this week? 我们必须本星期交论文吗? —No, you needn’t. 不,你们不必(本星期交)。

②. can / could多用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中表示推测、怀疑,两者在时间上没有差别。用can时不相信的程度更强一些, can’t常常译为“不可能”。

如:The man under the tree can’t be Tom. He’s gone to England. 这个人不可能是Tom,他已经去英国了。 Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy? 他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了,这能是真的吗? Could this be an excuse? 这会不会是个借口? How can you be so careless! 你怎么这样粗心!

③.may / might多用来表示把握性不大的推测,意思为“也许、可能”, might比may的把握性更小一些。

may not在否定句中常常译为“可能不”。(注意区分“不可能”与“可能不”在把握性大小上的差异。) 如:Mr. Wang may know Professor Li’s telephone number.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。 This might be the key Tom has been looking for.这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙。 She may not be there today. 今天她可能不在那儿。

一、 典型例题 【中考链接】

( )1.—Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?

— No, it ______ be him. Mr. Li is much taller.

A. mustn’t B. may no C. can’t D. needn’t ( )2.—Must I go with them tomorrow?

— No,you ______.

A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't ( )3.—______ I take some photos in the hall?

— No, you ______.

A. Can, needn’t B. Must, mustn’t C. Could, won’t D. May, mustn’t ( )4.—Dad, must I finish my homework today?

—No, you ________. You may do it tomorrow.

A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. won’t ( )5.—The lake is said to be dry. Is that true?

—It _______.Look, some kids are swimming in it.

A. must be true B. can’t be true C. may not be true ( )6.—What is your mother going to do this Saturday? —I’m not sure. She _____ go to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may

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( )7.—Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.

—It ______ be very expensive. I never even dream about it.

A. must B. might C. can’t D. shouldn’t ( )8.—Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?

—No, it be him. He has gone to Japan. A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. can’t ( )9.—Let’s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.

—Oh, it is not far away from here. We _______take a taxi.

A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t ( )10.—Can you play the piano?

—Yes, I _______. I often practice it on weekends.

A. needn’t B. need C. can’t D. can

三、课后练习

一、用can, may, must, need, have to, had better的适当形式填空:

1. You ________________ return the library book on time.

2. I ______________ (not) find the way to the hospital. _______________ you show me the way? 3. —________________ I finish the work right now?

— No, you ________________ (not). You ____________ do it later. 4. He said he ________________ (not) come tonight.

5. Her mother was ill. She ________________ stay at home and look after her.

6. It’s time for class. You ________________ stop playing football or you __________be late for class. 7. We ________________ start right now, or they would get there first.

8. The cloud is lifting, so it ________________ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.

二、选择填空

( )1.—Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?

—Yes, you ________.

A. must B. can C. may D. need

( )2. —Must I be in hospital for a week, Doctor?

—No, you . You can go back home tomorrow. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. must ( )3. The desk is not dirty. You _______clean it.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t C. can’t ( )4. —May I watch TV for a while?

—No, you _______. You have to finish your homework first.

A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t ( )5.—Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening? —No, it ________be her. She________ to Japan.

A. mustn’t; has gone B. mustn’t ;has been C. can’t ;has gone D. can’t ;has been ( )6. It’s the library! So you________ know shouting is not allowed here.

A. can B. must C. need D. may ( )7. Boys and girls, don’t forget your report . It ______ today.

A. can’t finish B. can’t be finished C. should finish D. should be finished ( )8.—Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.

—No, he ______ ,because he didn’t know my address. A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. may not ( )9. —Must I mop up the window now?

—No, you________. A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t ( )10. —Is Lucy knocking at the door?

—No. It ________ be Lucy. She is in Japan now. A. needn’t B. must C. can’t ( )11. —Another cup of coffee?

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—No, thanks. I _____ be off. Mary is waiting for me.

A. can B. may C. must D. might ( )12. —I’m a little tired. Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.

—We take a taxi. It’s not far from here. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t ( )13. If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’s very dangerous.

A. don’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t ( )14. —Must I finish watering the flowers now?

—No, you________.

A. must B. won’t C. needn’t D. can’t ( )15. —I can’t give up smoking, doctor.

—For your health, I’m afraid you ________.

A. may B. can C. have to

D. must

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初中英语中考情态动词考点及练习学习资料

情态动词【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点:⑴它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。⑵绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s(以be和have开头的情态动词短语除外)。⑶在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性”。例:can既可
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