读后续写和概要写作讲义 读后续写--题型分析与能力分析

读后续写------题型分析与能力分析

读后续写的具体内容:

提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。

读后续写过程中存在的问题：

续写内容与所给短文在叙述意图上不一致

续写内容与所给短文在相关细节上相矛盾

续写内容与所给短文在语篇结构上不连贯

读后续写的能力要求:

一、记叙文阅读理解能力

二、由读到写的思维能力

三、记叙文书面表达能力

一、记叙文阅读理解能力

浅层的信息定位能力：what, when, where, who, why, how等

深层的文本分析能力：理清故事的发展线索、明确文本的主要矛盾、关注故事的语言风格

实战演练：

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom, “I’m going to find a better spot for us to camp.” and walked away.

With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time. After she had climbed to a high place, she turned around, hoping to see the lake. To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snowcapped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost.

“Tom!” she cried. “Help!”

No reply. If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. As night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night. Lying awake in the dark, Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him.

Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty. She could hear water trickling (滴落) somewhere at a distance. Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy, she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.

As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse, thinking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.

But no more helicopters came and it was dark. _________________________________ It was daybreak when Jane woke up. _________________________________________

信息定位： 人物：Jane, Tom 事情：Jane was lost 地点：in the forest

故事发展顺序：按时间顺序 One weekend in July, ……

As night was beginning to fall, …… Jane rose at the break of the day, …… But …… and it was getting dark again. It was daybreak when Jane woke up.

行为动作与主人公心理变化：

quarrelled, walked away ------ angry

was lost, cried, kept moving, had to stop, wanted ------frightened,regretful, confused saw, drank, ate, felt stronger------ joyful, hopeful heard, took off, thinking------ hopeful, anxious

短文中优秀的表达句式：

With no path to follow, Jane……

……, she turned around, hoping to ……

Jane took off her yellow blouse, thinking that …… Jane rose……, hungry and thirsty.

If only she had not left her mobile phone …… Never in her life had she tasted anything better.

二、由读到写的思维能力

细读两段续写的开头语，理顺续写段落的逻辑关系； 围绕划定的10个关键词，合理创新故事情节。

Para. 1: But no more helicopters came and it was dark. How did Jane feel then?

How did Jane struggle through the night? Did she fall asleep?

Para. 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Was Jane rescued? Who rescued Jane? How was she rescued? How did she feel then?

划线单词：

yellow blouse walked climbed Tom helicopter Jane stream lake at a distance to her great joy

将划线单词分类： 人物：Jane, Tom

行为：walked, climbed

工具：helicopter, yellow blouse 地点：lake, stream, at a distance 情感：to her great joy

三、记叙文书面表达能力

（一）语言的丰富性

1. 词汇、句式、语法的多样性

句式结构：简单句，复合句以及强调句、倒装句等特殊句式的使用情况。

语法结构：主被动语态、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、with的复合结构、虚拟语气的使用情况。 词汇选择：常见初级词汇、高级词汇，以及不同词性的使用情况。 修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞格的使用情况。

2. 情感表达的多样性

通过主人公的话语，行为，想法，外貌及周围环境来表达主人中情感及其变化。

3.动词使用的丰富性

如：用更明确的单词替代“say”

方式：shout, scream, yell, roar, cry, whisper, interrupt, add, continue, tell, remark, tell, predict, repeat, guess, imply

态度：refuse, agree, admit, complain, smile, urge, apologize, sigh, beg, explain, promise, comfort, compromise, warn.

问答：ask, wonder, doubt, answer, reply. 通过副词及介词短语等，使“say”表达的更加形象： firmly, excitedly, seriously, jokingly, sincerely... in great surprise/a low voice/a soft voice

With delight/excitement/embarrassment/pride/respect/satisfaction/caution/patience...

通过恰当的动作描写让叙述更加生动：

Eyes: stare/glare at, look her in the eye/ with her eyes shining/ eyes filled with tears/eyes sparkle with excitement/gratitude

Hands: pat him on the shoulder/head, grasp/ hold one’s hands/ point to sb/sth, wave his hands Head:nod/shake his head violently

(二) 语篇的连贯性

1. 内容连贯：故事大意一致，写作意图一致 2. 语句连贯 —— 衔接词的准确使用

but/however, nevertheless, whereas, although, though, unfortunately, instead, on the contrary, besides, moreover, furthermore, what's more what's worse worse still, so, thus, therefore, hence consequently, accordingly, as a result 3. 语言连贯 —— 语言风格一致 4. 结构连贯 —— 前后呼应

关于衔接：

1. 关注段落内部句与句之间的衔接； 2. 关注与续写段落首句之间的衔接； 3. 关注两个续写段落之间的衔接； 4. 关注上下文间的前后呼应。

四、读后续写最终检查

1. 是否包含了至少5个所给单词，并划线处理 2. 与所给句子衔接是否自然 3. 第二段与第一段逻辑是否一致

4. 续写文章与原短文表达中心观点是否一致 5. 是否用具象的单词使细节生动形象

6. 是否用了恰当的连接词使段落间过渡自然

7. 文章中是否有时态，单复数，动词形式等语法方面的错误