意”，原文运用了“暗喻”的修辞手法，译文中必须有所体现，所以要在Great Wall后添加of resistance，这样就从“形”和“神”两方面准确传达了原文的含义。
7.“富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”是常见的名句，考生理应有所积累。此句还可译为：not to be corrupted by riches and rank; not to depart from principle despite poverty or humble origin, and not submit to force or threat。在引文前最好添加As an old Chinese saying goes，以保持文章连贯。
8.“可歌可泣”就是“感人的”，译为moving就不会失分。
9.“??，在今天仍然具有十分重要的意义”。可套用英语句型It is still of great significance today for us to do sth. 译出。考生在平时学习中要特别注意句型积累，做汉译英时方能得心应手。
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2005年3月
李鹏按：试题原文选自杨绛先生散文《记钱锺书与〈围城〉》。 【原文】他在父亲的教导下“发愤用功”，其实他读书还是出于喜好，只似馋嘴佬贪吃美食：食肠很大，不择精粗，甜咸杂进。极俗的书他也能看得哈哈大笑。戏曲里的插科打诨，他不仅且看且笑，还一再搬演，笑得打跌。精微深奥的哲学、美学、文艺理论等大部著作，他像小儿吃零食那样吃了又吃。厚厚的书一本本渐次吃完。诗歌更是他喜好的读物。重得拿不动的大词典、辞典、百科全书等，他不仅挨着字母逐条细读，见了新版本，还不嫌其烦地把新条目增补在旧书上。他看书常做些笔记。
【参考译文】It seemed that he began exerting himself in his studies because of his father?s remonstrations, but actually he studied for the love of it. He liked to study like a glutton greedy for food, his gullet being so large that he would accept whatever food he set his eyes on, refined or coarse, sweet or salty. Even books of the poorest taste could set him guffawing. He would laugh when taking in impromptu comic gestures and remarks during a drama, and he beside himself with joy when repeatedly reliving what he had seen. Huge tomes about profound and abstruse theories on philosopher, aesthetics, and literature and art would be devoured by him like a young child nibbling between meals, and he would ?nibble? at these books one after another no matter how thick they were. Poetry is an even greater favorite of his. He loves to peruse large dictionaries and encyclopedias, some of which are so heavy you can hardly hold them in your hands—he not only reads them entry by entry, but upon coming across new editions, he would go to great lengths to
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copy the new entries into the old editions. He often takes notes while reading. 【评析】
1. exerting oneself是习语，意为to work very hard and use a lot of physical or mental energy。
2.“在父亲的教导下‘发愤用功’”意为“因为他父亲教导他，他才用功”所以要用because of连接。
3.“馋嘴佬”就是“贪吃的人”，对应英文单词glutton（someone who eats too much），该词的形容词形式是gluttonous。
4.“不择精粗，甜咸杂进”原文中是修饰“馋嘴佬”，但译文中作了变通，以refined or coarse, sweet or salty来修饰food，这样处理并未违背原译，行文也较为简练。
5.“哈哈大笑”对应英文单词guffaw，如果学生不会这个词，以laugh loudly译出也可以。
6. take in此处意为：if you take in a show, play etc, you go to see it。 7. be beside oneself是习语，意为to be feeling so angry, excited etc that you find it difficult to control yourself。
8.“大部著作”不宜用book，此处用tome（a large heavy book）最恰当，这也是在测验考生的词汇量。
9.“喜好的读物”译为favorite即可，前面已有poetry，“读物”自然可以略去不宜。
10.“大词典、辞典”合译为large dictionaries即可。
11. 作者强调“细读”，译文自然要用peruse（to read sth.，especially in a careful way），该词的名词形式是perusal。
12.“不嫌其烦地”亦可译为take greats pains、spare no effort或stint no effort。
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2004年9月
李鹏按：试题原文系老舍先生四十岁时写的“自传”。
【原文】舒舍予，字老舍，现年四十岁，面黄无须。生于北平。三岁失怙，可谓无父；志学之年，帝王不存，可谓无君。无父无君，特别孝爱老母，布尔乔亚之仁未能一扫空也。幼读三百篇，不求甚解。继学师范，遂奠教书匠之基，及壮，糊口四方，教书为业，甚难发财，每购奖券，以得末彩为荣，亦甘于寒贱也。二十七岁发愤著书，科学哲学无所懂，故写小说，博大家一笑，没什么了不得。三十四岁结婚，已有一男一女，均狡猾可喜。闲时喜养花，不得其法，每每有叶无花，亦不忍弃。书无所不读，全无所获并不着急。教书作事均甚认真，往往吃亏，亦不后悔。如此而已，再活四十年，也许有点出息。
【参考译文】I, Shu Sheyu, style myself Lao She/write under the pseudonym of Lao She. Born in Peking, I am now 40 years old, having a yellow complexion and wearing no beard. When I was 3 years old, my father passed away, so I could be said to have no father. When I was 15, the emperor was dethroned, so I could be said to have no emperor. Without father and emperor, I was especially filial and respectful to my mother. In my childhood, I read the Book of Songs, making no effort to understand the meaning thoroughly. Years later, I attended a normal school, where I laid a foundation for my career as a teacher. In the prime of my life, I roved hither and thither/ went from one place to another to earn a living by teaching. That profession offered me little chance of making a fortune/ getting rich, so I took to buying lottery tickets, I prided myself on/ I took pride in winning the smallest prize, resigned to leading a
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poor and humble life. At 27, I made a determined effort to write books. Having got nowhere with sciences and philosophy, I turned to writing fiction merely to amuse my readers. That did not amount to much. Getting married at the age of 34, now I have a son and a daughter, who are mischievous but lovable. I have devoted some of my leisure hours to planting flowers only to prove myself a poor novice to the art of gardening, as more often than not do I find my plants leafy yet flowerless, though emotionally I cannot afford to leave them unattended. I read extensively and got nothing out, but I am not worried about it. I teach and do everything else conscientiously and I often come to grief, but I do not regret. If I can live another 40 years, I may get somewhere. 【评析】
1. 由wear no beard联想到sport beards/mustaches。
2. “现年四十岁，面黄无须。生于北平。”如按顺序翻译即是I am now 40 years old, having a yellow complexion and wearing no beard. I was born in Peking. 亦可调整顺序合并译为Born in Peking, I am now 40 years old, having a yellow complexion and wearing no beard.只要完整地传达了原文意思，文字顺序可以不受限制。
3.“志学之年”语出《论语·为政》：“子曰：吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”所以要“志学之年”译为“十五岁”此类文化常识，考生应有积累。 4.“怙恃”是依靠、凭恃的意思。《诗经·小雅·蓼莪》中有“无父何怙,无母何恃。”所以后人以“怙恃”代称父母。“失怙”意为父亲去世，宜用pass away翻译，以体现委婉之意，die则太过直白。 5.“三百篇”指《诗经》。 6.“不求甚解”亦可译为：
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高级口译真题解析完整版
