(仅供参考) 第一课
1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.
1. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然 而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。 s
2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly \English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.
2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的 偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在 以 白人 英语为主导 的 世 界里，主要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没 有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3.By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly (very) safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat
3.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及
其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做是很安全的，因为这些语言现
在已不会构成什么大的威胁。
4.Yet many people see (consider/ regard) English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex (network), and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus (organization).
4.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。
5.Enlish-speaking South African s of British descent were not particularly strong
in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6.Such symbolism suggests (shows) that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事 为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
第二课
1. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love of the most creative periods of my life. 1.苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。
2. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
2. 因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一切都还不确定。这让我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
3. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith.
3.良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生活会像一块砖头击中你的脑袋，但不要失去信心。
4. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 4.我知道，“ 记住你即将死去”是避免掉进患得患失陷阱的最佳办法。你已经什么都没有了,你根本没有任何理由不去听从自己的心声。
5. Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice.
5.你们的时间很有限，所以不要将它浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要被教条所束缚，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。不要让他人喧嚣的观点淹没了你的心声。
第六课
1. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that
distinction is a false one. \present,\seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible.\
1.米哈里·奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。他发明了“强感受” (flow)这个说法, 信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在《称心如意的工作》一书中他写道: “只要存在强感受因素, 任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。根据这一观点, 从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。”
2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy. 2.但是20世纪90年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作态度产生多大影啊, 这表明工人在工作中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。
3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. \department,\a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it.\
3. 41岁的马丁娜·蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理, 虽然工作压力大, 但她和同事相处都很好;6年前她换了工作, 到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。如今她时间多了, 自由度也大了, 但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑, 也得不到老板的赏识。她说: “我不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意, 如果工作单位氛围不好, 个人生活就会大受影响。”
4. In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers. 4.事实上, 对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然, 不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到的快乐。哈特认为, 对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异, 员工的个性只起30%的作用, 其他的取决于员工每天与同事、主管以及客户的频繁交往。
5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as \their domain and kind of fringe-ish”, says Thomas Wright, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno. 5内华达大学里诺分校的组织行为学教授托马斯·赖特说, 直到不久前, 企业家们还不愿考虑员工是否工作心情舒畅的问题, 认为这“不属于他们关心的范围, 和他们的职责范围相去甚远”
6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of productivity. 6.但后来对工作满意度的许多研究结果却前后矛盾。现在看来, 用更广泛的衡量标准来评估快乐感受, 能更有效地预测生产率。
贵州大学研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案
