自然拼读法的基本规则(全面总结）
48个国际音标
长元音/ɑ:/ /?:/ /?:/ /i:/ /u:/ 短元音/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/
双元音/e?/ /a?/ /??/ /??/ /e?/ /??/ /??/ /a?/ 轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ 浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ 轻辅音/?/ /h/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ 浊辅音/?/ /r/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/ 半元音/j/ / w/ 边音 /?/
48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。
语音知识:
1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u
2) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48个音素，即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.
3) 元音音素：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。
4) 辅音音素：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
5) 音节：由元音音素和辅音音素构成的发音单位。含有一个元音音素的声音片
段就是一个音节。例如：hi,mom，first单音节词，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand多音节词。音节的划分对于单词的读音至关重要，我们所要学习的自然拼读发音规律，其实都是针对单音节单词的，对于多音节单词，我们要先把单词划分成为一个一个的音节，然后再对每个音节应用自然平度发音规律。
6) 开音节：
① 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due;
② 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。
①辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup; ②元音+辅音it。
8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
字母或字母组合与音素之间的对应规则大揭秘
7) 闭音节：
（1）辅音字母的读音：
①音形一致的字母和字母组合： b[b], p[p], m[m], f[f], d[d], t[t],
n[n], l[l], g[g], k[k], h[h], r[r], v[v], w[w], z[z], dr[ dr] dress, tr [tr]tree, ts [ts] cats
②音形不一致的字母：c[k][s]call,city，g[g] [d?]get,geography ,
j [d? ] jacket,enjoy, x [ks] [gz]box,exam, y [j] yellow, s [s] [z] some,always
③最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读：
sh [?] shoe,finish,
ch[t?]chair,teacher, th[θ][e]think,brother, ph[f]photo, ck [k] black, kn [n] know,knife, ng [?] long,
qu [kw] question,queen, tch [t?] watch,catch, wh [w][h]what,who, wr [r]write,wrong, ds [dz]beds
④常见辅音词头：
bl-[bl]blue, br-[br]bread, gl-[gl]glass ,
gr-[gr]great, kl- [kl-]clean , kr-[kr]cross , fl-, fr-, pl-, pr-, sk-, sl-, sm-, sn-, sp-, st-, str-, sw-
⑤常见辅音词尾：-ple [-pl] apple , -ble [-bl] table ,
-tle/ttle [-tl] little, -dle/ddle [-dl] middle, -cle [-kl] uncle, -ften [-fn] often,
-son/sson [-sn] [-zn] lesson,season -ven [-vn] seven
⑥另外，单词中有些时候辅音字母会不发音。
b在t,m后，不发音doubt,climb,tomb g在n前不发音sign,design,resign h在词首不发音hour,honor
l在f,k,m前一般不发音 calf,talk,clam,在could里也没有发音
⑦另还需特说明一下辅音字母y的发音：
y在词首时，通常发辅音[j] yes，yellow
当y在单词词尾，而且这个单词里面没有其他元音字母时，此时y通常发元音音素/a?/my,sky,cry
而当y在一个较长一些的单词词尾时，这个单词里面没有其他元音时，y通常发元音音素/i:/baby,city,hurry,cherry （2.）元音字母的读音： ①开音节的拼读：
A 发字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game, gave,
made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same, tame, wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。
E发字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。
I发字母本身音[ai] I ,bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride,
white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。
O发字母本身音[??] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold,
home, those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke, close, stone, clothes, broken等。
U发字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。
②闭音节的拼读：
A 发 [?]口型要打大 at, bad, band, apple，fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag,
had,grand,carry,back,ran,badly,angry,sad,flat,map,mat,van,man,swam, catch, hand, fantastic, thank, black, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon, taxi, 等。
E 发 [e] when, met, them, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west,
then, yes,fell,desk, red, yellow, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get, telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men等
I发 [i] lift,big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him, bit,
little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss, nothing, pink, picture, visit, swim, ticket等
O发 [?] drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, stop, dog, not,
body, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots, doctor
U发 [?] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry, mum,
under, understand, cut, duck, truck, lucky, fun, gun等 ③字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如;
ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each,
easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week
部分ea字母组合发[e]：bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf,
oa字母组合的发[??]音：road, boat, coat,loaf
ir,ur字母组合的发[?:]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir,
shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt,turn,turtle,purple
ar组合字母发 [ɑ:]音 {（a在s, ss前）也发[ɑ:]}：hard, card, park, art, car,
are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，far class, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等
ow字母组合有时发[??]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south,
how, now, town,等。
oo字母组合有时发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛 look ,good , foot, room,
football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,
oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, pool, zoo, too, school, cool,
自然拼读法基本规则的全面总结
