2014届高考英语一轮复习讲义语法系列之非谓语动词 - 动词不定式6

不定式用法专讲

6. 不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式

不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生(a)，或是在它之后发生(b)：

a. Who heard him say that? 谁听见他说这话的?

Tell her we shall be delighted to come． 告诉她我们会很高兴来的。 We rejoiced to see her back． 我们看到她回来了都很高兴。

b. They invited us to go there this summer． 他们邀请我们今年夏天到那儿去。 She is waiting to hear your answer． 她在等着听你的答复。 They arranged to start early． 他们安排好早动身。

假如不定式所表示的动作，在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生，这不定式就要用完成式，如：

I am glad to have seen your mother. (= I am glad I have seen your mother.) 我很高兴，见到了你的妈妈。

(比较：I am glad to see you. 看到你真高兴。) 不定式的完成式常用来： 1)构成复合谓语：

He is said to have written a new book about workers. (It is said that he has written a new book about workers.) 据说他又写了一本关于工的书。

The enemy was reported to have surrendered. (It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.) 据报道敌人投降了。

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She seemed to have heard about it already. (It seemed that she had already heard about it.)

她似乎已听到这事了。

I happened to have come across the book once. (It happened that I had come across the book once.) 我碰巧有一次见过这本书。

She is not likely to have got our letter. (It is not likely that she has got our letter.)

她多半还没接到我们的信。

2)在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语：

You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert.

(You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.) 你运气好弄到了音乐会的票。

I am very pleased to have been of help. 能够帮得上忙我很高兴。

I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. (I am sorry I have given you so much trouble.)

对不起给你添了这么多麻烦。

He felt ashamed to have done such a thing. 他很惭愧做了这样的事。

She was very glad to have done something for the community. 她很高兴为社会做了点事。 3) 在某些动词后作宾语：

He pretended not to have seen me. 他假装没看见我。

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I regret to have been the cause of all this trouble. 我很抱歉引起了这么多麻烦。 We interded to have included your name in the list. 我们本来预备把你的名字列入名单的。

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 我本想告诉你的，可是我忘记了。

I should like to have bought one. 我本想买一本(个)的。

He expects to have written it tomorrow morning. 他估计明天早上可以写好。 间或也可以作主语(a)，定语(b)或构成复合宾语(c)：

a．It has been a privilege to have travelled so much in your country. 在贵国游览了这么多地方是很难得的。

It was a great satisfaction to have revisited our native village. 重访了家乡是非常愉快的事。

b. It was the first book to have appeared on the subject. 这 是第一本关于这门学科的书。

So you are the one to have cleaned all these rooms. 原来这些房间都是你打扫的。

It is one of the rare examples of this type of painting to have survived. 它是这类画仅存的少数样品之一。

They thought it a pity not to have invited her. 他们没有请她感到很遗憾。

She felt it an honour to have taken part in the work. 参加了这项工作她感到很荣幸。

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注1: 不定式的完成形式也有时和情态动词构成谓语：

She may have lost your telephone number. 她可能忘了你的电话号码了。 He must have missed the train. 他准是误车了。 How could you have read so much in such a short time? 在这么短时间内你怎么可能看了这么多书?

这一用法在211中已经讨论了，这里就不再多谈。另外，to be有时可以和一不定式的完成形式构成谓语，表示一个想做而未做的事：

He was to have given the first talk, but he came late. 他本来第一个发言，但来晚了。

The plane was to have taken off at six, but something went wrong. 飞机本来在六点起飞的，但出了故障。

注2： 在不定式的完成形式后有时可以跟一个表示过去时间的状语： He may have left last Monday. 他可能星期一就走了。

He is believed to have left last Monday. 据信他星期一已经走了 这是和现在完成时不同的。

如果主要谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。不定式的进行式主要可以用来： 1)构成复合谓语：

You are not supposed to be working. You haven't quite recovered yet. 你现在不应当工作，你的病还没有完全好哩。

They are said to be building another bridge across the river. 据说他们正在这条河上修另一座大桥。

They seem to be getting along quite well. 他们似乎相处得很好。

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I happened to be going that way too. 我洽好也是到那儿去. How did you come to be working here? 你怎么来到这儿工作的? 2)在某些动词后构成复合宾语：

We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here. 我们没想到你在这儿等我们。 Of course we should like everything to be going smoothly. 当然我们愿意一切都进行得很顺利。

\老头说：\汤姆，我不愿意你把时间这样瞎混掉。\3)在某些动词后作宾语：

He pretended to be listening attentively. 他假装专心听讲的样子。

She wished to be travelling around too like them. 她希望也和他们一样到处游历。 Of course he doesn't like to be lagging behind the others. 他当然不愿意像现在这样落在别人后面。

You don't need to be worrying about her. She is safe at home. 你这样为她着急完全多余，她好好地在家里哩。

间或也可以用作状语(a)，或主语(b)：

a. I am glad to be working with you. 和你在一道工作我很高兴。 How fortunate (I am) to be living here! 生活在这里多么幸福!

b. It feels wonderful to be working out of doors in such weather. 这样天气在外面劳动很舒服。

It's nice of you to be thinking of us. 难为你想着我们。

注: 不定式的进行式有时也可以表示一个反复发生的动作，这时带有感情色彩(关于这一点可参阅142)：

It's remarkable of her to be always working like that.

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她总是这样工作，真不错。

I don't like you to be constantly arguing about trifles. 我不喜欢你们老为一些小事争论不休。

在上节所讲的许多结构中，如果不定式表示的不是正在进行的动作，而是在谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行形式：

a. They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan. (It's said that they have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan.) 据说他们直在云南收集民歌。

The struggle was known to have been going on for over twenty years. 据悉这个斗争已进行二十多年了。

b. They suspected us to have been quarrelling. 他们还疑心我们刚吵过架哩。

c. She wished to have been studying as hard as the others. 她真愿意过去也像其他人那样努力学习。

d. We are happy (It's been a great pleasure) to have been working with you. 我们很高兴这一段时间和你们在一起工作。

注：不定式的进行形式和完成进行形式也可以用在谓语中：

Don't be making such a great noise, children. 孩子们，别这样闹。

They must have been discussing something important. 他们刚才准是在讨论什么重要的事。

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