2011年职称英语考试理工类B级考试真题 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants(B级)
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where straggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age1.
But that may not be true for2 the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases. joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile, or unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps3, over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years — more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity may be to blame4. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild. where they live in large herds and family groups.
Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to
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zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants. \ 1. According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo animals, zoo elephants根据前面2段，和其它动物不同， 动物园的大象_____________ A. have difficulty eating food.吃东西有困难。 B. live to a ripe old age.能过活到高龄。
C. are not afraid of predators.不害怕食肉捕食者。 D. develop health problems. 面临一些健康问题。(正确答案)
2. Which of the following about the international scientists' research on the life spans of elephants is NOT true? (See paragraph 3)? 国际科学家对于大象的生命周期的研究，______________是不对的?
A. They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.他们把动物园的大象和野生大象作比较。
B. They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care. 他们保留了饲养大象的详细记录。(正确答案)
C. They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.他们分析动物园里的大象的生活记录。
D. The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.他们研究的动物园出生的大象在欧洲动物园饲养。
3. What do the scientist find in their research? 科学家们在他们的研究中发现了______________。
A. Female elephants live longer than male elephants.雌象比雄象活得更长。
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B. Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.动物园雌象比野生的活得更长。
C. Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts. 动物园雌象比起它们的野生的同伴来说要死得早。(正确答案)
D. Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans.动物园大象和野生大象有一样的寿命。
4. What are the possible causes of stress and obesity Zoo-raised elephants generally suffer from? 动物园中饲养的大象遭受压力和肥胖的可能的原因是______________。
A. They do not like living in herds.它们不喜欢在畜群中生活。 B. They do not get enough exercise.它们没有得到充分的锻炼。
C. They do not live with their families.它们没有和它们的家人一起生活。 D. Both B and C. B 和C都对。(正确答案)
5. Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph? 在最后一段，作者暗示了______________。
A. It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo. 把动物养在动物园里是不明智的做法。(正确答案)
B. Elephants are no longer an endangered species.大象不再是濒临灭绝的物种。 C. Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.照顾动物园里出生的大象应该更仔细。
D. Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.除了大象，动物园里应该饲养其他更多的动物。
6. Do scientists know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts.? 科学家是否清楚野生大象比动物园大象更好的原因? A.uncertain不确定(正确答案) B.positive 明确的、肯定的
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C.clear清楚的 D.biased片面的
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens(B级)
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self-medicate” against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_ depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_3__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to _4___ mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.” As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to _5___ mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__ in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.
Participants were _7___ three groups: never smokers。 smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical _8__。 smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things。 had _9__ going to sleep or staying asleep。 felt unhappy, sad, or depressed。 felt _10___ about the future。 felt vexed, antsy or tense。 and worried too much about things.
“Smokers who _11___ cigarettes as mood improvers had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked,” says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms.” The _13__ between depression and smoking exits principally among teens that use cigarettes to _14___. “It’s _15__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,” says Dr. Chaiton.
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1. A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose 2. A social B financial C emotional D political 3. A Whatever B Although C Whenever D S\\What 4. A improve B increase C decrease D help 5. A affecting B cause C effect D affect 6. A exposed B expanded C located D detected
7. A divided into B dividing into C divided D divided to 8. A world B activity C state D beauty 9. A time B courage C energy D trouble 10. A hopeless B hope C hopeful D hopes 11. A use B used C took D take
12. A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming 13. A difference B association C cooperation D agreement 14. A feel stronger B feel healthier C feel well D feel better 15. A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D important
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职称英语考试理工类B级考试真题
