00015英语二
重点语法 （结合考题讲解）
综合英语（二）常考的语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句，虚拟语气，反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态，名词性从句，形容词副词的比较级，主谓一致，倒装等等。下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。
名词
1. 大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如： army ， audience ， class ， committee ， crew ( 全体船员，乘务员 ) ， crowd ， faculty ， family ，
government ， group ， orchestra ， team ， union 等。强调整体时谓语动词用单
数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。如： The government is paying close attention to economic development. The government are having a heated discussion on this matter.
2.有些名词形式为复数，却用作单数，如 :electronics( 电子学 ) ， mathematics( 数学 ) ， optics( 光学 ) ， politics ， statistics( 统计学 ), economics （经济学）, physics 等。例如 :
Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.
3. 名词作定语时，除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外，其它修饰词不能变成复数。例如
a woman teacher ---- two women teachers a man doctor ---- two men doctors a girl student ---- five girl students a boy student ----six boy students
4. 复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。如 : looker(s)-on ， runner(s)-up ， sister(s)-in-law ， editor(s)-in-chief ， passer(s)-by ， grand-child(ren) ， shoe lace(s) ， blood type(s) 等。
5. 如果没有主体名词，就在最后一个词上加复数词尾。如 : go-between(s) ， drawback(s), grown-ups “Of+抽象名词”相当于形容词 Of interest----interesting Of importance---important Of value---valuable Of necessity---necessary Of possibility---possible
Of great importance--- greatly important/very important Of no value---valueless 切记invaluable=priceless
这里主要讲一下 不定代词some和any。通常some用于肯定句，any 用于疑问句和否定句。但在下列情况下例外：
（1）在表示请求、建议时，some及其派生词可以用于疑问句。如： Would you like some coffee?
Can somebody come and help me? Could you lend me some books?
Why don’t you buy some flowers for her birthday?
注意“any +单数名词”和“any other +单数名词”的区别。现在用两个例子进行说明。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. (China belongs to Asia.)
China is larger than any country in Africa. (China does not belong to Africa.)
（2）any及其派生词用于肯定句时，起强调作用，意思是 “任何的……” .如： You can come any day you like. 你哪天来都行
He is taller than any of the other boys in the class. (any of the other boys=any other boy)
形容词和副词
以下情况形容词常用于后置定语 :
1) 一些表语性形容词要后置，如 :present (到场的，出席的） ， available ， involved ， concerned ， etc 。
2) 形容词修饰不定代词 something ， anything ， everything 时要后置。例如 : There was something wrong with her.
I came across a tricky question hard to answer. I wondered if there was a room available.
注意enough的位置：enough 修饰名词时放在名词前后均可，修饰形容词或副词时要放在后面。如：
enough water /water enough careful enough/ well enough
形容词和副词的原级比较由 “as + 形容词或副词原级 ( 或后跟名词或短语 )+as” 构成， “as…as” 前可加 not ， just ， almost ， nearly ， quite ， twice ， several times 等词修饰。否定式中 not 后面的 as 可改为 so 。如： He is as tall as I.
He is not as/as careful as his brother.
形容词与副词的比较级形式为 :“ 形容词 ( 副词 ) 比较级 +than+…” ，应注意 than 前后相比较的人或物要一致 （否则没有可比性）。比较级前可以跟 even ， much ， stilI, far, a lot 等副词修饰比较级，表示强调。
You voice is more beautiful than your classmates’/that of your classmates. The population in China is much larger than that in America.
The values of the young differ from those of their elders. 不可数名词或名词单数，后面用that代替，可数名词复数后面用those代替。
注意一些以-ior结尾的来自于拉丁语的单词，虽表示比较的含义，但后面要用to而不是than。常用的有七个：
be junior to ---be younger than be senior to ---be older than be posterior to ---be later than be anterior to ---be earlier than
be prior to ---be earlier than/be more important than be inferior to ---be worse than be superior to ---be better than
还要注意比较级重要结构：
the +比较级， the +比较级 ( 越 …… 就越 ……) ，常考选择或翻译。如： The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you make. The earlier you come, the better (it is).
形容词与副词的最高级的形式分别为 :“the+ 形容词最高级 + 名词十范围表达 ” 和 “ 副词最高级十名词 + 范围表达 ” ，副词的比较级和最高级不需要加 the 。例如 : We are the happiest when staying with friends.
I carried out the task more successfully than he had expected.
Most 有时并不都是最高级形式，相当于very，该用法比较正式。如： It is a most touching film. 这是一部非常感人的电影。 They shall most certainly come. 他们很可能回来。
时态
国考中的考试重点是完成时态，现在我们详细讲完成时态的用法。
只有延续性动词可以和时间段连用,瞬间动词要改为相应的持续性的表示状态的短语。 die-be dead
leave/go-be away
buy/borrow-keep/have start/begin-be on
注意重要句型：
It is (has been)…since…这一结构也常用于现在完成时。
It has been (也可用is) a long time since they last met each other.
“This/It/That be the first (second) time that…”句型中，从句常用完成时态。 例如：Is this the first time that you have visited Hong Kong?
This will be the second time that I have broken a cup this week. That was the third time he had been interrupted that afternoon.
**现在完成进行时表示一种不间断的动作，因此在提到做某事的次数或所做事情的种类时，不能用该时态，而只能用现在完成时．
I have knocked at the door five times, but I’m afraid nobody is in. The pop singer has sung three songs.
关于过去完成时
00015英语二(自考)汇总
