专题十八 任务型阅读
1.(2019河北)
阅读短文，并按要求完成66~70题
Critical thinking(批判性思维) is trying to improve the way you think. People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims(评估主张).
Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it. When we see an advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Advertisements are made to make people feel certain that they are true, and then people can buy the products. But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim? Or does it only interest us? Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see.
Practice makes perfect. While you are growing in critical thinking, you’ll become a wiser and more thoughtful person. There are many ways of doing practice. Here are a few.
★ Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books on all sides
of the subject. For each side of the subject, think carefully and evaluate it.
★ When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why?
★Evaluate your own thinking. Where and why do you think uncritically? How can you improve?
Critical thinking should be part of everything we do. It may help you to succeed at work or school. Make yourself into a habit of critical thinking. Change your thoughts and change your world.
66、67题完成句子；68题简略回答问题；69题找出并写下第二段的主题句；70题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
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66. People use critical thinking to _____________________________ and evaluate claims.
67. Critical thinking can stop us from ____________________________________________.
68. What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking? _________________________________________________________________________________ 69.
______________________________________________________________________________ 70.
_______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】：
66. solve problems. 67. making poor choices. 68. I’ll become a wiser and more thoughtful person.
69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. 70. 它可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。
66. solve problems. 67. making poor choices. 68. I’ll become a wiser and more thoughtful person.
69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. 70. 它可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。 【解析】：
66. 细节题，较简单。考察精确查找答案的能力。根据题意锁定第一段第二句 “ People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims.” 可知答案。
67. 细节题，较简单。通过题目关键词找到第二段倒数第二句 “ Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices.” 为原句可知答案。 68. 细节题，较简单。认真读题，通过关键词 “ as you grow in critical
thinking” 找到原句为第三段第二句 “ While you are growing in critical thinking,
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you’ll become a wiser and more thoughtful person.” 可知答案。此题需要注意两点。1）是原句中的 “ while” 和题目中的 “ as” 是同义词，“当......的时候”的意思。2）任务型阅读中68题简略回答问题如果问题中有第二人称时，在回答的时候需要变成相对应的第一人称。
69. 考察主题句。段落的主题句通常为某段的第一句，此题也不例外。通过对第二段的理解可知，该段第一句为主题句，后面内容都是对第一句的举例及说明。此题较为简单。 70. 此题难度较低。翻译时需要注意短语help sb to do 及succeed“成功”的中文释义。 2.(2019扬州)
阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写成空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Nowadays, many people in China and Japan are racing against time. They put a lot of value in “being on time”. However, in some countries of the world, people have different opinions on “being on time”. Germany
Thanks to its industrial past, in Germany you are expected to arrive at least ten minutes earlier for any planned meeting.In Germany, being on time is risky enough because your hosts will probably already be there waiting, wondering how on earth you could be so stupid. What will you do if anything unexpected happens, like heavy traffic or a sudden rain? So remember to arrive early in Germany. Saudi Arabia
Some countries care little about time and Saudi Arabia is one of them. It’s because of their long history of desert living where time is not the first thing to think about. It could be that it’s too hot to do anything on time. So don’t expect them to be on time. Moreover, looking at your watch during an event is even considered as bad manners. So don’t get angry with them, either. Ghana
Most meeting times can be changed, even if an exact time is given, Ghanaians are very relaxed and easygoing. They think that if everyone is late, then no one is late. After all, what can’t be done today can get done tomorrow. If you find it difficult to deal with, prepare to be unhappy. Otherwise, sit back enjoy the ride. Russia
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Patience is considered a very important quality in Russian culture but being on time is not. When doing business in Russia, do be on time. Otherwise, it will be considered disrespectful. But Russians won’t hold themselves to the same standard. So, again, patience can be key.
How differently people ______56_______ “being on time” in different countries ________57________ China and Japan Different opinions on “being on time” ●Both Chinese and Japanese think it________58______to be on time. Germany ●_______59________expect you to arrive early for any planned meeting because of the influence of their industrial past. ●You are thought to be stupid _____60_______you arrive at least ten minutes earlier. Saudi Arabia ●Time is not the_______61________thing for people living in the desert to consider. ●Looking at your watch during an event is considered to be_________62_______ Ghana ●Ghanaians think that if everyone is late, then_______63______ is late. ●Most meeting times can be changed. You might be unhappy if you can’t accept it. Russia ●Be patient in Russia because it’s very important quality in its _______64_______. ●While doing business in Russia, you should be on time, though Russians are not strict with_______65______ in it. 【答案与解析】： 56.think / consider 57. Countries 58.valuable 59. Germans 60. unless 61.first 62.rude / impolite 63.nobody 64.culture 65.themselves 解析：
56.think / consider 根据文中第一段第三句的have different opinions转换得 57. Countries 根据表格第一列都是各国家名可得答案country，注意首字母大写 58.valuable根据文中第一段第二句的value转换可得 59. Germans根据文中第二段的in Germany可得
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60. unless根据文中第三段第一句句意可得 61.first 根据文中第四段第二句可得
62.impolite或rude根据文中第四段倒数第二句bad manners可得 63.nobody 根据文中第五段第二句no one转换可得 64.culture 根据最后一段第一句可得 65.themselves根据最后一段倒数第二句可得 3. (2019凉山州)
完成表格。阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并将其答案的完整 形式写在答题卡上相应的位置。每空一词。
When l was a teenager growing up in a town, I felt studying very boring, I wanted to leave school and have my own life. There were only two ways for me to do this—working in the toy factory in my town, or getting married. I chose the first one. I was nervous when I told my
father that I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “No! You are going to college.” Instead, he surprised me when he said, “OK. We’ll go to the toy factory.”
Two days later, he took me to the factory. I had a very romantic idea of working in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I guess I had watched too many movies as a teenager.
When we arrived at the factory gates, my father spoke to the guard and one minute later we went inside. My father said, “Take your time. Look around.” I walked around the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home.”
He asked me, “What do you think of the factory?” “It’s terrible.” I replied.
“You have the other choice if you don’t want to go back to school. But I think getting married is even worse!” he said.
I went back to school the next day. From then on, I studied as hard as I could.
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Finally I got into a good college. I enjoyed studying English, so I decided to major in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, now I work in a company which is a big one in a city. And my father takes pride in me. I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working in the factory!
A 96 to a factory with my father
At school I felt bored to 97 . I have 98 choices if I I didn’t choose to get 99 . leave school. I choose to work in a toy factory. I told my father about the decision and he 100 . In the factory The factory I 101 The workers would have 102 working together. There would be music and singing. The factory I walk around At 104 It’s terrible to have much 103 . I majored in languages because I like English. In a big company I have a good family. My father is 105 of my. 【答案与解析】
作者感到学习很无聊．她的爸爸带她去了一家玩具工厂，看到工厂的情况以后，她决定回到学校努力学习．后来考上了一所好大学，主修语言，现在在城里的一个大公司工作． （1）visit．考查名词．根据文章介绍可知，作者的爸爸带着她去了工
厂， he took me to the factory．看到了工厂工人的工作状态和，工作环境．因此我们可以看出这个句子的意思是\和爸爸去工厂的一次参观\，所以填写名词visit．故答案为visit．
（2）study．考查动词．根据句子 I felt studying very boring，\我感到学习很无聊\，可以确定此处应该填写study，这和原文的句子意思相同，在动词不定式符号to的后面用原形．故答案为study．
（3）two．考查数词．根据文中的句子There were only
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two ways for me to do this，\我有两条路可走\，可以看出，如果作者不上学只有两个选择：到玩具厂工作或者结婚．故答案为two．
（4）married．考查形容词．根据文中的句子 I chose the first one，\我选择了第一个\．作者不上学只有两箱条路可走，一是working in the toy factory ，另一个是getting married．\第一个\也就是working in the toy factory．所以她没有选择结婚，应该填写married．句子的意思是\她没有选择结婚\．故答案为married． （5）agreed．考查动词．根据第一段最后的句子 I thought he would say，\Youare going to college．\Instead， he surprised me when he said， \．We'll go to the toy factory，\我认为他会说……相反，好吧，我们就去玩具工厂\．说明作者的父亲同意了她的要求．因此要填写\同意\，agreed， 和前面的句子在时态上保持一致，因此也用过去式的形式．故答案agreed．
（6）imagined．考查动词．根据表格右侧内容，作者想象当中工厂的\工人在一起工作是很开心的，还有音乐和歌声\．再结合原文的句子I had jmagined everyone…确定这是作者原来想象的情况，所以这个短语应该是the factory I imagined．I imagined是定语从句，修饰the factory．意思是\我想象中的工厂\．此处填写imagined，和原文的大部分句子时态一致，用过去式的形式．故答案为imagined．
（7）fun．考查名词．根据原文的句子 I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun． \我想象在一起工作，每个人都很友好，而且很开心\．所以应该填名词fun，\有趣的事情\，have fun doing sth意思是\做某事很开心\．故答案为fun．
（8）noise．考查名词．根据文中and listeing to the noise，知道这是作者在工厂看到的现象，所以应该填写不可数名词noise，\噪音\．故答案为noise． （9）last．考查副词．文中说
Finally I gotinto a good college． I enjoyed studying English， so I decided to major in languages at college，\最后我上了一所好大学，我喜欢学习英语，所以决定在大学主修语言\．句首的Finally意思是\最后\，相当于at last．因此此题应该填写last． 故答案为last．
（10）proud．考查形容词．原文说 Andmy father takes pride in me，\我的爸爸
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为我感到自豪\．短语take pride in的意思是\为……感到自豪\，相当于be proud of． 根据横线前边的is和后边的of确定，这里应该填写形容词proud，构成短语be proud of． 故答案为proud． 4. (2019天津)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子．
Friends are an important part of our lives．We spend time with them，have fun together．and share our opinions， feelings and even secrets．Life would be boring without friends．
Friends influence who we are．help us learn， support（支持）us in good and bad times．and care for us even when we are not happy．
Often．we have many happy moments with our friends．We need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyable．Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling．
That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing（维持），a close group of friends．
It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether（不论） it is about a sad or happy subject．
In good times， it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone．It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience．Friends arc important pillars（中心人物）of support．
Friends teach us important lessons． No two persons are the same． As time goes by， we learn to respect one another's differences．This acceptance of others' differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives， such as new family members，neighbours and new friends． （1）Life without friends．
（2）Being lonely for long periods of time ． （
3
）
It
is
important
to
have
a
friend
to
talk
to
，
whether ．
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（4）You need someone to support you
if ． （
5
）
No
two
persons
are
the
same
，
so
we
should ． 【答案与解析】
本文介绍的是朋友的重要性，以及如何与朋友相处．
（1）would be boring．细节理解题．根据第一段最后的句子Life would be boring without friends，\没有朋友，生活将是很无聊的\，可确定此处要填写would be boring．故答案为would be boring．
（2）is not a great feeling．细节理解题．第三段最后的句子Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling，意思是\长时间的寂寞不是一种好的感觉\．根据这个句子判定此处应该填写is not a great feeling．答案为is not a great feeling． （3）it is about a sad or happy subject．细节理解题．根据文中的句子 It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether it is about a sad or happy subject，\有一个朋友去聊天儿是很重要的，不管你谈的是难过的还是快乐的话题\．因此应该填写it is about a sad or happy subject．故答案为it is about a sad or happy subject． （4）you have just had an unpleasant experience．细节理解题．根据文中的句子 It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience可以确定此题答案是you have just had an unpleasant experience．这话的意思是\如果你刚刚有一个不愉快的经历，你需要有人来支持你\．故答案为you have just had an unpleasant experience．
（5）learn to respect one another's differences．细节理解题．文章说No two persons are the same． As time goes by， we learn to respect one another's differences，\没有两个人是相同的．随着时间的流逝，我们学会尊重别人的差别\，因此看出此处要填写learn to respect one another's differences．故答案为learn to respect one another's differences． 5. (2019德州)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子
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It is a great thing to help others. First, you can learn new things. Second, it can also make you feel good.
How can you do it? Helping through charities (慈善团体) is a good idea. Charities are organizations (组织) that help others. September 5 is the International Day of Charity.
You can help charities by giving your time, giving money or giving things that you own.
●Volunteering
Volunteering is to give time to help others without pay. Some ways of volunteering are:
☆visiting old people to talk to them or help them ☆walking dogs at an animal shelter (收容所) ☆cleaning up a park 73 ☆helping some children. how to take care of themselves.
● Fundraising
Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity to help others. Some ways of fundraising are: ☆making cakes or biscuits to sell
☆ doing sponsored (有赞助的) activities. For example, families and friends give you money if you finish a long walk. ● Donating
Donating is to give your things to a charity to help others. Some ways of donating are:
☆giving your old toys or clothes to a charity that helps sick children or poor people
☆giving your old books to a library. So, what can you do to help others?
You can teach the children without life skills
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71. Why is it a great thing to help others? (at least one) ______________________________________________________________ 72. Which day is the International Day of Charity?
_____________________________________________________________ 73. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________
74. Mary makes some money by drawing pictures. She gives the money to a charity. It is a way of ______________. (填写序号A或B或C) A. volunteering donating
75. Give a proper title to the passage.
_____________________________________________________________ 【答案与解析】
本篇讲述了帮助他人是一样对自己有益的事情。同时，介绍了几种帮助他人的方式。 71. 根据文章第一段，帮助他人的好处有两条“First, you can learn new things. Second, it can also make you feel good.”所以可以回答“Because you can learn new things.”或者“Because it can make you feel good.”
72. 根据文章第二段“September 5 is the International Day of Charity.”，所以可回答“It is September 5.”
73. 翻译题，“你可以教没有生活技能的孩子们如何照顾自己。”
74. 根据文章中“Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity to help others. ”可知这种方式是通过筹钱或者赚钱的方式把钱给慈善组织来帮助他人，可知选择B。
75. 根据文章第一二段可将最佳标题归纳为“How to help others”。 5. （2019重庆A卷） 阅读下文并回答问题。
In Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, there is a group of people who are busy drawing maps around. They are not workers on geography, but dispatchers(调度员) on
B. fundraising C.
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Emergency(急救) Center of the city.
Since 2007, the dispatchers in the center have been drawing maps of the local areas.
“A dispatcher’s job is counted in seconds,” says Liang Ruimei, a dispatcher in the center. She has been working in ther center since it started in 2007. “We must answer the phone in 3 seconds, get clear information about the patient in 60 seconds and dispatch(调度) emergency medical workers in 3 minutes at most. If we save one second, the patient may have a better chance to live.”
Although nowadays the center has electronic maps, the dispatchers still walk through the streets to draw maps by hand.
After many years’ hard work, the dispatchers keep every building and street of the city in mind. They even know whether or not a car can enter the gate of a building. Sometimes the caller can’t tell clearly where he is, but it doesn’t matter. As long as he describes the buildings around, the dispatcher can dispatch emergency medical workers to him.
“We are trying to be quicker than Death,” says Liang. 65. Is Liang Ruimei a dispatcher in Emergency Center of Jinzhong?
66. When did Emergency Center of Jinzhong start?
67. To be quicker than Death, what do the dispatchers in Emergency Center of Jinzhong do?
68. Do you think it necessary for dispatchers to draw maps by hand when they have electronic maps? Why or why not?
【答案与解析】 65. Yes, she is.
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解析：由第三段第一句可知答案。 66. In 2007.
解析：由第三段第二句可知答案。
67. They remember every corner of the city through hand-made maps, and dispatch emergency medical workers to the right place as soon as possible.
解析：通读全文可推知，这些调度员通过手绘地图来记住城市的每一个角落，以求做到以最快的速度把进行急救的医务人员送到正确的地方，争分夺秒，挽救生命。
68. Yes. Because maps by hand show small facts of the city more correctly and electronic maps may not work sometimes.
No. Because electronic maps are easier to use and can show the latest road situation. 解析：此题为开放性试题。 7.(2019枣庄)
读下面有关一个学生问题的文章，在每个题目下做简短的笔记 Dear Mr．Hunt，
My problem is that I can't get on with my family． Relations between my parents have become difficult． They fight a lot， and I really don't like it． It's the only communication they have． I dont know if I should say anything to them about this． When they argue， it's like a big， black cloud hanging over our home． Also，my elder brother is not very nice to me． He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show． Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night． I don't think this is fair， At home I always feel lonely and nervous． Is that normal？ What can I do？
Sad and Thirteen
Dear Sad and Thirteen，
It's not easy being your age， and it's nor these feelings． Why don't you talk about these feelings with your family？ If your parents are having problems， you should offer to help． Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper communication． Secondly， why don't you sit down and
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communicate with your brother？ You should explain that you don't mind him watching TV all the time． However，he should let you watch your favorite show， I hope things will be better for you soon． Mr．Hunt
11. ①The writer's main problem：___
②The writer's problem about his/her parents：___ 12. ①The writer's problem about his/her brother：___ ②The writer's problem about himself/herself：___
13. The advice that Mr．Hunt gives about his/ her problem with his/her brother：___
14. Please find the sentence in the passage that has the same meaning as\doesn't always allow me to watch the TV program I like best．\（请在本文中找与划线句子意思相同的句子）___
15. The language goals（语言目标） of this passage：___ 【答案与解析】
11. (1). He can't get on with his family． (2). Relations between his parents have become difficult．They fight a lot．
12. (1). His elder brother is not very nice to him． (2). Talk about problems and give advice．
13. Sit down and communicate with his brother．
14. He always refuses to let me watcch my favorite TV show． 15. Talk about problems and give advice．
本文是一篇综合型阅读，主要介绍了一个男孩写给Mr. Hunt的一封信，以及Mr. Hunt给他回复的相关建议。 【11题】
细节理解题。根据原文 My problem is that I can't get on with my family，我的问题就是我不能和我的家人相处好．Relations between my parents have become difficult． They fight a lot，我父母之间的关系变得很艰难，他们经常吵架．故答案为：
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(1). He can't get on with his family． (2). Relations between his parents have become difficult．They fight a lot． 【12题】
细节理解题。根据原文 my elder brother is not very nice to me我的哥哥对我不友好。At home I always feel lonely and nervous在家我总是感到孤独和紧张。故答案为：(1). His elder brother is not very nice to him．(2). Talk about problems and give advice． 【13题】
细节理解题。根据原文 why don't you sit down and communicate with your brother？为什么不坐下来和你哥哥沟通下？故答案为：Sit down and communicate with his brother． 【14题】
细节理解题。根据题目He doesn't always allow me to watch the TV program I like best，他总是不让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。即文中的He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show．故答案为：He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show． 【15题】
语言目标题。根据原文，Sad and Thirteen提出了自己的问题，与父母，与哥哥的问题，而Mr．Hunt针对问题给出了相应的建议。所以语言目标就是谈论问题和给建议。故答案为：Talk about problems and give advice． 8. (2019枣庄)
读下面关于大象的文章，然后回答文章后的问题．
Hello．We are students from Thailand，and we want to save the elephants．The elephant is one of Thailand's symbols．Our first flag had a white elephant on it．This is a symbol of good luck．
Elephants are smart animals． They can play soccer or music．They can also draw very well．People say that \．Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost．They can also remember places with food and water．This helps them to live．
But elephants are in great danger．People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes．People also kill elephants for their ivory．Today there are only
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about 3，000 elephants（over 100，000 before），We must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory． Remember that March 13th is Thai Elephant Day． 1. What's the topic of this passage？___ 2. Why are elephants important in Thailand？___ 3. What can the elephant do？（Two examples）___ 4. Why are elephants in danger？___
5. What can people do to save the elephants？___ 【答案与解析】
1. It's elephants．
2. Because the elephant is one of Thailand's symbols， their first flag had a white elephant on it and this is a symbol of good luck．
3. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost．They can also remember places with food and water．
4. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes and they also kill elephants for their ivory．
5. They must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory． 【解析】这是一篇阅读表达，主要介绍了大象的故事。 【1题】
主旨大意题。题目问这篇文章的主题是什么。根据We are students from Thailand，and we want to save the elephants.我们是来自泰国的学生，我们想拯救大象。本文是围绕大象展开的。因此主题就是大象。故答案为:It's elephants. 【2题】
细节理解题。题目问为什么大象在泰国很重要。根据The elephant is one of Thailand's symbols. Our first flag had a white elephant on it. This is a symbol of good luck.大象是泰国的标志之一。我们的国旗上有一个白色的大象。这是好运的象征。故答案为：Because the elephant is one of Thailand's symbols, their first flag had a white elephant on it and this is a symbol of good luck. 【3题】
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细节理解题。题目问大象能做什么。根据They can play soccer or music．They can also draw very well．Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost．They can also remember places with food and water．他们会踢足球或玩音乐。他们也可以很好地画画。大象可以走很久的路并且不会迷路。他们能记得有食物和水的地方。四个句子选择其中两个回答即可。故答案为：Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost．They can also remember places with food and water． 【4题】
细节理解题。题目问为什么大象濒临灭绝。根据But elephants are in great danger．People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes．People also kill elephants for their ivory．但是大象濒临灭绝。人们砍了许多树因此大象正在失去家园。人们也杀大象取象牙。故答案为：People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes and they also kill elephants for their ivory． 【5题】
细节理解题。题目问人们可以怎么做去拯救大象。根据We must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory. 我们必须保护树木并且不购买象牙制品。故答案为：They must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory. 9. (2019山东临沂)
读下面关于大象的文章，然后回答文章后的问题．
The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling.
This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe. In Russia, the population is going down by about 100 people EVERY HOUR! Russia's population could fall by ONE THIRD by the year 2050! And in Poland (波兰) the population is also going down because people are leaving to work in other countries.
One of the main reasons is a change of lifestyle. All over Europe people, especially educated women, have a different attitude(态度) to children than their parents. \doctor from Moscow. \husband and I both work full-time. We can't imagine having
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more than one child.\have children at all. \at least 10 years,\is typical of 18-24 year old women everywhere in Europe.
In Poland, the population is going down for a different reason. A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad. Poland joined the European Union in 2005 and since then more than half a million people have moved to Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy. Even so, the population of those four countries and many other countries in West Europe is also going down.
Many governments are now encouraging people to have larger families. In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child. Austrian women receive $700 a month for three years when they have their first child. 76. Where in the world is the population getting smaller?
___________________________________________________________________ 77. How many children does Galina Tereschkova want to have?
___________________________________________________________________ 78. What does Hana Markova want to do before she has children? ___________________________________________________________________ 79. Why is the population in Poland going down?
___________________________________________________________________
80. How does the French government encourage people to have larger families now? ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案与解析】
本文介绍了尽管世界人口在增长，但在一些国家里，尤其一些欧洲一些国家，特别在俄罗斯、英国、德国、西班牙和意大利等国家里，随着生育观和生活方式的变化，人口在减少，这些国家正采取措施，鼓励生育。
76. This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句This is true in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe.可知，在欧洲特
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别是在东欧，人口在减少。
77.One/Only one. 根据第三段中 “I have one child and she is enough for me,\Galina Tereschkova可知，她只想拥有一个孩子。
78. She wanted to work for at least 10 years.根据第三段中Hana Markova 的观点I don't want to have any children until I have worked for at least 10 years可知，在我工作至少10年之前，我不想要孩子。
79.Because a lot of people are leaving the country to work abroad.根据第四段第二句A lot of people, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the country to work abroad.可知，在波兰，许多人，通常年龄在20到30岁之间，正离开这个国家到国外工作。 80. In France, women will receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child. 根据最后一段In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child可知，法国，如果女性生第三个孩子，她们每年每月可获得近1000美元。 10.(2019宁夏)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在每小题句子空白处填入适当词语，使其意思与短文内 容一致（每空词数不限）。
Confidence（自信）is very important in daily life.It can help you to develop a healthy attitude（态度）.A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier.They can have more chances to make themselves successful.But how to be more confident?Here are some suggestions:
Speak loudly When you are not confident，you can't do well what you want to do.You speak in a voice so low that other people can harlly hear you.Tty to speak loud enough so that people can understand you clearly.The high voice can help you become more confident.
Play sports Playing sports makes you tired but completely relaxed.When you do sports，you will be full of confidence.
Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the day and see how many things you have done well.Did you finish your homework?Did you tell a joke
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that made everyone laugh? Give yourself praise for the good things you've done.
Get rid of（消除）fear Fear comes along with failure（失败）.But it's easy to get over（克服）if you know that failure is part of your life.Don't hide your head just because you said something stupid last time.Try to start again and believe you can do better.
Pick up what you like to do If you like singing，sing as much as you can.In some ways，a hobby can make you excellent.And it will make you happy and confident. 76.A study shows if you are more confident，you will be . 77.In order to make people hear you clearly，you should . 78.You'd better yourself for the good things you've done. 79.In some ways，your an make you excellent，happy and confident. 80.It's known that failure is the mother of . 【答案与解析】
一项研究表明，自信的人更快乐．他们有更多的机会让自己成功．但是如何变得自信呢？下面是一些建议．
（76）（much）happier/（much）more successful．细节理解题．根据A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier．They can have
more chances to make themselves successful． 可知， 一项研究表明，自信的人更快乐．他们有更多的机会让自己成功．由此可以推测，一项研究表明，如果你更自信，你会更快乐或者更成功．．故答案为：（much）happier/（much）more successful．
（77）speak loudly/speak loud enough /speak louder．细节理解题．根据Try to speak loud enough so that people can understand you clearly． 可知，尽量大声说话，让别人能清楚地理解你． 由此可以推测，为了让人们听清楚你说的话，你应该大声说话．故答案为：
speak loudly/speak loud enough /speak louder．
（78）praise 细节理解题．根据Give yourself praise for the good things
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you've done． 可知，对你自己所做的好事要表扬自己．由此可以推测，你应该对你自己所做的好事要表扬自己．故答案为：praise．
（79）hobby /hobbies 细节理解题．根据In some ways，a hobby can make you excellent．And it will make you happy and confident． 可知， 在某些方面，业余爱好可以让你变得优秀．而且它会让你快乐和自信．由此可以推测，业余爱好可以让你变得优秀，你快乐和自信．故答案为：hobby /hobbies． （80）success 推理判断题．根据Don't hide your head just because you said something stupid last time．Try to start again and believe you can do better． 可知，不要因为上次说了一些愚蠢的话而隐藏你的头脑．试着重新开始，相信你能做得更好． 由此可以推测，故答案为：success． 11.(2019赤峰市)
根据短文内容，完成空格，每空一词。请将正确答案填写在答题卡指定的横线上。 NAO is a 58cm- tall robot. He is small, cute and round. You can' t help but love him! NAO is
created to be a friendly partner around the house. He moves, recognizes(识别) you. bears you and even talk to you.
Since his birth in 2006, he has been better and better at pleasing, understanding and loving you.
Maybe one day he will become your friend. His cute look and wonderful communication skills make him really lovely and popular.
He can be a good helper. Ask him to do something and he does. For example, ask NAO to wake
you up in the morning, to watch your home during the day or to teach you new things whenever you want. You no longer need a keyboard, a computer or a mouse to communicate with technology. All you have to do is to talk to him.
He can be a sweet family member. He can learn to read your moods, so that he always knows the
right thing to say. He can recognize your family members and call them by their first names. You can
teach him how to choose the music, food and film you like best.
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【答案与解析】
（71）height．细节理解题．根据NAO is a 58cm-tall robot．NAO是一个58厘米高的机器人．可知是身高58厘米．故答案是height．
（72）years．细节理解题．根据Since his birth in 2006自2006年出生以来，今年2019年，可知他13岁了．故答案是years．
（73）communication．细节理解题．根据His cute lok and wonderful communication skills make him really lovely and popular．他可爱的外表和出色的沟通技巧使他非常可爱和受欢迎．可知是交流技能，故答案是communication．
（74）when．细节理解题．根据 to teach you new things whenever you want．随时随地教你新东西． whenever =no matter when．故答案是when．
（75）favorite．细节理解题．根据You can teach him how to choose the music， food and film you like best．你可以教他如何选择你最喜欢的音乐、食物和电影．like best =favorite．故答案是favorite． 12.(2019赤峰市)
根揖短文内容回答问题。请将正确答案填写在答题卡指定的位置上。
One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy（发霉的）food. But before you can throw it
away，your mother stops you. She doesn' t want to waste food. She cuts off the moldy pan and eats the rest. Is it safe to do this?
Mold（霉菌）can grow on almost all kinds of food. Mold is usually green, white,
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black or gray.
Mold makes food ?oft and changes it’s color. Moldy food tastes quite bad—and it's not safe to eat.
If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Bread, tomatoes and hot dogs are soft food. This
kind of food allows mold to easily grow below its surface.
But it's easy to remove mold from hard food. The mold can't grow very deeply inside this kind of
food. According to the BBC, you should cut about 2.5 cm around and below the mold and remove it.
It' s OK to cut the moldy parts out of hard food and eat the rest. But if the food is completely covered with mold, you should still throw it away.
Most kinds of mold are bad for us. But some kinds of mold can be used to make food. For example, peniciliium（青霉菌）can be used to make many types of cheeses, such as blue cheese. These cheeses are safe to eat and they' re quite delicious as well：
76. What color is mold? 77. How does moldy food taste?
78. How should you deal with the soft food when you find mold in it? 79. Is it easy or difficult to remove mold from hard food? 80. What can some kinds of mold be used to do? 【答案与解析】
（76）Green， white， black or gray．细节理解题．根据第二段Mold is usually green， white，
black or gray．霉菌通常是绿色的，白色的，黑色的或灰色的可知．故答案为：Green， white， black or gray．
（77）Quite bad．细节理解题．根据第二段Moldy food tastes quite bad发霉的食物尝起来很糟糕．故答案为： Quite bad．
（78）Just throw it away．细节理解题．根据第三段 If you find mold in soft food， just throw
it away．如果你发现软的食物上面有霉菌，就扔掉吧可知．故答案为：
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Just throw it away．
（79）Yes，it is easy．细节理解题．根据第四段But it's easy to remove mold from hard food．但是很容易除掉除掉硬食物上的霉菌．故答案为：Yes，it is easy． （
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）
To make food
．
细
节
理
解
题
．
根
据
第
五
段
But some kinds of mold can be used to make food． 但是有些霉菌能用来制作食物可知．故答案为：To make food． 13.(2019广东)
请阅读一篇有关2019洲文明对话大会之亚美食节广州站(The Asian Cuisine Festival Guangzhou)的短文,根据所提供的信息完成信息卡,把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。
Information Card
The purpose of the Asian Cuisine Festival Guangzhou The number of the top restaurants on the visit 82. The thing that the hand-painted picture was 83. about They way to make traditional food in this festival The things that Guangzhou is well-known for 85. 【答案与解析】
84. 81. 24
81．Encouraging/To encourage communication among Asian countries. 解析：由第一段最后一句可知答案。 82．24/Twenty-four.
解析：由第二段第二句可知答案。
83. The cuisine choices along the Pearl River. 解析：由第三段第三句可知答案。 84. By using modern technology. 解析：由第三段第四句可知答案。 85. Rich food and culture 解析：由最后一段第二句可知答案。 15. (2019哈尔滨市)
Leonardo da Vinci(莱奥纳多·达芬奇) was a famous artist who was born in Italy. He was also a great inventor. Many of his inventions have become important in modern life. Although Leonardo hated war. he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun, which was produced and used in war. Besides , Leonardo spent days thinking about how to save time. He developed ideas for something like cutting machines.
Leonardo was a strange man. He never ate meat. That was very unusual in those times(时代). He never published(发表) scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing, which looks like usual writing in a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left side。
Only a few of his paintings are left today. Many paintings were not finished because he thought they were not perfect。
Leonardo was talented and creative. He was regarded as one of the most intelligent men in the world.
Leonardo da Vinci His status(身份) His inventions and ideas Not only an artist but also an __76__ ?The machine __77__ ?Ideas for something like machines used to __78__ His strange behaviors ?He never ate meat. 25
?He never published discoveries connected with __79__ ?He used mirror writing __80__ only a few of his paintings are Because many paintings were not finished left today 任务1:阅读短文(A),用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空,使文章通顺、连贯、合理。(每空只能填一个单词或一个短语,每个单词或短语限用一次) 61. ____
62. ____
63. ____
64. ____
65. ___ 66. ____
67. ____
68. ____
任务2:阅读短文(B),根据英文释义及首字母提示拼写单词。 69. e____ as many or as much as necessary
70. l____ to produce eggs from the bodies of birds, insects and so on 任务3:阅读短文(B),完成同义句转换,每空一词。 Dinosaurs’ babies also came from eggs.
Dinosaurs’ babies came from eggs 71. ____ 72. ____. 任务4:根据短文(B)内容回答问题。 When did dinosaurs suddenly disappear?
73. __________________________________________. What decides the sex of the baby crocodile? 74. __________________________________________. Are the baby crocodiles only boys when it’s 35℃? 75. __________________________________________. 【答案与解析】 69. enough
解析：由单词释义可以确定为形容词enough(足够的)。 70. lay
解析：由单词释义可以确定为动词lay(下蛋)。 71—72 as well
解析：also和as well都意为“也”，also位于句中，as well 位于句末。
73. Millions of years ago./They suddenly disappeared millions of years ago. 解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。
74. The local temperature./The local temperature decides the sex of the baby crocodile.
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解析：由第三段第二句可知答案。 75. Yes./Yes, they are.
由第三段中的“when it is 34℃ to 36℃, only boys are born”可知答案。 任务5:根据短文(C)内容完成表格,每空一词。 76. ____
77. ____
78. ____
79. ____
80. ____
答案：76. inventor 解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。 77. gun 解析：由第一段第四、五句可知答案。 78. cut 解析：由第一段最后一句可知答案。
79. science 解析：由第二段第二句可推知，他从不发表与科学相关的东西。scientific discoveries属于science范畴。
80. Why解析：根据答语“Because many paintings were not finished”可推知，此处是对原因进行提问，且位于句首，故用why。 16.(2019湖南湘西州)
根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺信息，每空不超过三个单词，
Mo Yan，Nobel Prize winner in literature（文学）in 2012，believes his success comes from a large amount of reading.
Mo was born into a farming family in a village in Shandong Province.Mo left school at the age of 12 and started to work in the fields.Mo was tired after his daily hard work，but he was always hungry for books.However，there were very few books in the village，he never gave C919 carries passengers by 2020.
What's more, China is working on the new high-speed trains with the highest speed of 400km/h. It will be ready by 2020. Many countries, especially the ones in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their railways with the help of China.
China has made great progress in both science and technology.And it makes a great contribution（贡献）to humans，too.All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people，even of the people around the world.
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81.When did the C919 take off successfully for the first time？
82.How long has it taken the scientists and researchers to make the C919？ 83.How many companies have already ordered 570 C919 planes from China？
84.Are many countries planning to improve their railways with the help of China？ 85.What fields has China made great progress in according to the passage？ 【答案与解析】
1．On May 5th，2017． 细节理解题，根据第一段第一句On May 5th，2017， at Shanghai Pudong International Airport，China's first large homemade jet airliner，the C919， took off successfully for the first time，可知2017年5月5日，在上海浦东国际机场，中国第一架国产大型客机C919首次成功起飞． 故答案为 On May 5th，2017． 2．Ten years．细节理解题，根据第一段第二句
It has taken about ten years for the scientists and researchers to make this Chinese dream come true，可知科学家和研究人员花了大约十年的时间才实现这个中国梦．故答案为 Ten years．
3．More than 23 companies． 细节理解题，根据第一段第三句 So far
，
more than 23 companies have
already ordered 570 C919 planes from China，可知到目前为止，已有超过23家公司从中国订购了570架C919飞机．故答案为 More than 23 companies． 4．Yes，they are 细节理解题，根据第二段第三句
Many countries， especially the ones in Central Asia， Southeast Asia， the Middle East and Eastern Europe， are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their railways with the help of China，可知许多国家，特别是中亚、东南亚、中东和东欧国家，正计划在中国的帮助下修建高速铁路或改善其铁路． 故答案为 Yes， they are． 5． Both science and technology． 细节理解
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中考英语真题分类汇编专题十八任务型阅读
