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中文菜谱常见翻译方法

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中文菜谱常见翻译方法

中餐菜谱不容易翻译,原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达,对菜名特别讲究。菜单翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成,因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是菜的用料,刀法和烹调方法。由此可见,要译好菜谱,就必须知道一些主要的用料,刀法,烹调方法及某些准备步骤,希望下面的英文翻译对诸位在翻译公司工作的同行有所帮助:

1. 常见的用料

鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goose 鱼类 fish 肉类 meat猪肉 pork 牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal 羊肉 mutton 小羊肉 lamb牛尾 oxtail 里脊 fillet 排骨 spareribs 腰子 kidney 肚子 tripe肝 liver 舌 tongue 下水 offals 蹄子 trotter 胗 gizzard鸡什 giblets 鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast 甲鱼 turtle 海味 seafood虾 shrimp 干贝 scallop 螃蟹 crab 鱿鱼 squid 海蛰 jellyfish黄鳝 finless eel 海螺 whelk 野味 game 兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon鹌鹑 quail 龙虾 lobster 牡

蛎 oyster 田螺 snail 田鸡 frog蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon 香肠 sausage 火腿 ham 熊掌 bear’s paw鱼翅 shark’s fin 燕窝 bird’s nest 2. 煮前的准备工作

去骨 boning 例如, 去骨鸭掌 打鳞 scaling 例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish 剥/去皮 skinning 例如,去皮田鸡 skinned frogs 脱壳 shelling 例如,虾仁 shelled shrimps

腌制 pickling 例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables 3. 常用刀法及用料形状 (1) 常用刀法

切片 slice 切丝 shred 切丁 dice 切柳 fillet 切碎 mince捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff (2) 常用用料形状

肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或 meat / fish slices 肉丝 shredded meat 或 pork shreds肉/鸡丁 diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes 肉末 minced meat肉丸 meat balls 肉馅 meat filling 4. 中餐菜单翻译法

(1) 直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。 如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef

(2) 直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。 如:

狮子头 Lion’s Head ——Pork Meat Balls

全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce (3) 意译法。此法可分为三种情况:

1) 原料+with+作料。 以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。如:

海米白菜 Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps 鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce

2) 作料+原料 。 即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如: 咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork

3) 以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白的英语译出。如:

发财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters 彩凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs

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实用标准文案

蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork

龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken

4) “移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,通俗易懂,能 收到事半功倍的效果。如: 烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli

5) 音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。

如:包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun 馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread

6)“随机应变”法:原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如:

广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style 5. 中餐常见的烹调方法

中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:煮 (boiling), 煲/炖 (stewing),烧/焖/烩(braising), 煎(frying),炒(stir-frying),爆(quick-frying),炸(deep-frying),扒(frying and simmering), 煸(sauteing),煨 (simmering), 熏(smoking),烤(roasting/barbecuing), 烘(baking), 蒸(steaming), 白灼(scalding)等基本方法。

煮 boiled. 如 “煮咸牛肉” (Boiled Corned Beef)

煲/炖 stewed. 如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup)

烧braised. 如“红烧牛蹄” (Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce) 煎(pan-)fried. 如 “煎明虾” (Fried Prawns)

炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁” (Stir-Fried Chicken Dices) 爆 quick-fried. 如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce) 炸 deep-fried. 如 “炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns)

扒fried and simmered. 如“虾子扒海参” (Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimps Roe)

煸sauted . 如 “干煸鳝鱼” (Sauted Eel Slices) 煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” (Simmered Beef)

焖 braised 如 “黄酒焖猪排” (Braised pork chops in rice wine) 烩 braised 如 “烩鸡丝” (Braised chicken shreds with peas) 熏 smoked 如 “熏鱼” (Smoked Fish)

烘 baked 如 “烘鸽” (Baked Pigeon) 蒸 steamed 如 “蒸鲜鱼” (Steamed Fresh Fish)

酱/醋 marinated 如 “酱鸡” (Marinated Chicken)

卤 spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck)

涮 instant-boiled 如 “涮羊肉” (Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices) 酿 stuffed 如“酿青椒” (Stuffed Green Pepper) 烤 roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅” (Roast Goose)

清蒸 steamed (in clear soup) 如 “清蒸桂鱼” (Steamed Mandarin Fish)

清炖 stewed in clear soup 如 “清炖甲鱼” (Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup) 白灼/微煮 scalded 如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns)

红烧 braised in brown sauce 如 “红烧蹄筋” (Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce)

干烧 in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝” (Scallop in Pepper Sauce)

麻辣 with hot pepper 如 “麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean Curd)

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实用标准文案

酱爆 in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁” (Diced Pork in Bean Sauce) 鱼香 in (spicy) garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝” (Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce) 糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” (Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce) 宫保 with chili and peanuts 如 “宫保鸡丁” (Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts) 脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如 “脆皮鱼” (Crisp Fish) 香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” (Crisp Fried Chicken)

焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” (Fried Fish Slices in Sauce) 甜酸 sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork)

胡辣 with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参” (Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili) 油淋 drip-fried with oil 如 “油淋兔” (Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil) 干煸 dry-sauteed 如“干煸季豆” (Dry-sauteed String Beans)

盐水 boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾” (Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water) 家常 home style 如“家常豆腐” (Bean Curd Home Style)

陈皮 with spicy orange peel 如 “陈皮鸡” (Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel) 回锅 double-sauteed 如“回锅肉” (Double-sauteed Pork Slices) 五香 spiced 如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef)

干炸 dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”(Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast) 软炸 soft deep-fried 如 “软炸里脊” (Soft-fried Pork Fillet) 酥炸 crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” (Crisp Fried Lamb Breast)

串烤 skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒” (Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper) 铁扒 grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” (Grilled Baby Pigeon) 烧烤 roast 如“烤乳猪”(Roast Suckling Pig)

砂锅 in casserole 如“砂锅鱼翅” (Shark’s Fin in Casserole) 锅巴 with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” (Sea Slug with Sizzling / Crispy Rice Crust)

芙蓉 with egg white 如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white) 麻酱 with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste)

三鲜 with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Delicacies)

醋溜 in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” (Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce)

凉拌 in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” (Jellyfish in Soy Sauce) 酸辣 hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” (Hot and Sour Cucumber)

姜汁 in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” (Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce) 蚝油 in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” ( Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce)

蒜泥 with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” (Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic) 什锦 mixed; assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli) 茄汁 in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯” (Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce) 咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” (Fried Beef withy Curry) 八宝 (stuffed) with eight delicacies 如 “八宝鸡” (Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies)

葱爆 quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如 “葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)

粉蒸 steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉” (Steamed Beef in Rice Flour) 奶油 in cream sauce 如 “奶油鱼肚” (Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce)

木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉” (Fried Pork with Scrambled

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实用标准文案

Eggs and Fungus)

醉 liquor-preserved 如 “醉蟹” (Liquor-preserved Crabs)

辣味 in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine)

豆豉 in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼” (Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce) 黄焖 braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine)

椒盐 with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨” (Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt) 怪味 multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” (Multi-flavored Chicken)

西餐 (Western Food) 头盘及沙拉类 1腌熏三文鱼 Smoked Salmon 2腌三文鱼

Marinated Salmon with Lemon and Capers 3 凯撒沙拉 Caesar Salad 4 鲜蘑鸡肝批

Chicken Liver Terrine with Morels 5 奶酪瓤蟹盖

Baked Stuffed Crab Shell 6 鲜果海鲜沙拉

Seafood Salad with Fresh Fruit 7 厨师沙拉 Chef's Salad 8 金枪鱼沙拉 Tuna Fish Salad 9 尼斯沙拉 Salad Nicoise 汤类

10 奶油蘑菇汤

Cream of Mushroom Soup 11 奶油胡萝卜汤 Cream of Carrot Soup 12 奶油芦笋汤

Cream of Asparagus Soup 13 番茄浓汤

Traditional Tomato Soup 14 海鲜周打汤 Seafood Chowder 15 法式洋葱汤 French Onion Soup 16 牛肉清汤 Beef Consommé 17 匈牙利浓汤

Hungarian Beef Goulash 18 香浓牛尾汤 Oxtail Soup 文档

实用标准文案

19 意大利蔬菜汤 Minestrone Soup 20 蔬菜干豆汤 Hearty Lentil Soup 21 牛油梨冻汤 Chilled Avocado Soup 22 西班牙番茄冻汤 Gazpacho 禽类 23 红酒鹅肝

Braised Goose Liver in Red Wine 24 奶酪火腿鸡排 Chicken Cordon Bleu 25 烧瓤春鸡卷

Grilled Stuffed Chicken Rolls 26 红酒烩鸡

Braised Chicken with Red Wine 27 烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅

Baked Chicken Breast Stuffed with Mushrooms and Cheese 28 炸培根鸡肉卷

Deep-Fried Chicken and Bacon Rolls 29 水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁

Poached Chicken Breast with Balsamic Sauce 30 烤火鸡配红浆果少司

Roast Turkey with Cranberry Sauce 31 烤瓤火鸡

Roast Stuffed Turkey 32 烧烤鸡腿

Barbecued Chicken Leg 33 烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条

Roasted Lemon Marinade Chicken Leg with French Fries 34 扒鸡胸

Char-Grilled Chicken Breast 35 咖喱鸡 Chicken Curry

36 秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆

Pan-fried Duck Breast with Sautéed Potatoes and Truffles 牛肉类 37 红烩牛肉 Stewed Beef 38 白烩小牛肉 Fricasseed Veal 39

牛里脊扒配黑椒少司

Grilled Beef Tenderloin with Black Pepper Sauce 40 扒肉眼牛排 文档

中文菜谱常见翻译方法

实用标准文案中文菜谱常见翻译方法中餐菜谱不容易翻译,原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达,对菜名特别讲究。菜单翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成,因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是菜的用料,刀法和烹调方法。由此可见,要译好菜谱,就必须知道一些主要的用料,刀法,烹调方法及某些准备步骤,希望下面的英文翻译对诸位在翻译公司工作的同行有所帮助:
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