基于单片机的交通信号灯模拟控制器的设计
THE DESIGN OF TRAFFIC LIGHTS’ANALOG CONTROLLER
BASED ON SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER
系 别： 专 业： 班 级： 学生： 指导老师：
完成日期：
摘要
随着人类科技文明的发展，人们对于日常交通便利的要求在不断地提高。交通信号灯已不仅仅被看成一种用来指挥交通的工具，在很多实际应用中它还需要能够实现更多其它功能。高精度、多功能、小体积、低功耗，是现代交通信号灯发展的趋势。本课题设计正是基于这个方向设计一个符合指标要求的模拟交通信号灯控制器。
单片机在电子产品中的应用越来越广泛，特别是51系列的单片机，由于其使用方便、价格低廉等优势，在市场上占有很大的份额。AT89S51就是51系列中的一个比较成熟的型号，它完全兼容51单片机的指令。
本课题设计是基于单片机技术原理，以单片机芯片AT89S51作为核心控制器，通过硬件电路的制作以及软件程序的编制，设计出的一个模拟交通信号灯控制系统。该控制系统包括了按键控制电路、定时控制电路、显示电路等几部分的组成。设计以硬件和软件相结合为指导思想，通过软件编程实现系统大部分功能，电路简单明了，系统稳定性高。主要硬件有：AT89S51单片机、16*16点阵式LED显示屏、七段数码管、LED和按键等。软件采用汇编语言编写实现，并依据程序应用Keil软件进行了仿真调试，对出现的问题进行分析和反复修改，最终得到正确并符合设计要求的结果。
设计完成的模拟交通信号灯控制器能够准确指挥交通，并具有人工控制功能，实现了人工智能一体化。本系统设计控制精确、体积小、功耗低，具有很强的实用性。
关键字：AT89S51；LED显示；交通灯
Abstract
Has analyzed the modern municipal transportation control and the management question present situation, unified the city and countryside transportation the actual situation to elaborate the traffic light control system principle of work, has produced one kind of simple practical city traffic light control system hardware circuit design plan. Along with the social economy development, the municipal transportation question more and more arouses people's interest. The person ，the vehicle, the road three relations coordinations, have become one of important questions which the traffic control department needs to solve. The municipal transportation control system is uses in the computer synthesis management system management system which the municipal transportation data monitor, the street-traffic control lights control and the transportation unblocks, it is in the modern municipal transportation monitoring command system the most important constituent. Along with the city vehicle quantity unceasing increase, many big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and so on had the transportation excess load movement situation, therefore, from the80's later periods, these cities constructs the city speed-way in abundance, completes the initial period in the speed-way construction ,they also once effectively improved the transportation condition. However, and lacks along with the volume of traffic fast growth to the speed-way system research and the control, the speed-way not fully plays the anticipated role. But city speed-way in structure charact eristic, also had decided the city speed-way transportation condition inevitably receives the speed-way and the ordinary path coupling place transportation condition restriction. Therefore, how uses the appropriate control method, maximum limit uses the good consumption large amount of money construction the city speed-way, alleviates branch with Ramp , the city supports with the
peripheral locality transportation stops up the condition, more and more becomes the main question which the transportation management and the urban planning department urgently awaits to be solved. There fore, applied the knowledge through me which studied to design a set of traffic lights control circuit plan.The traffic light control system mainly by the timing circuit, the host controls the electric circuit, the signal light switch, the pulse signal generating devices composed.
Key word: The AT89S51;LED show;transportation light
目录
第1章 绪论 ...................................................... 1
1.1 引言 ......................................................... 1 1.2 课题研究的背景 ............................................... 1
1.2.1 单片机的应用与发展 ..................................... 1 1.2.2 LED技术的应用 .......................................... 2 1.2.3 交通信号灯的发展 ....................................... 4 1.3 课题研究的主要容 ............................................. 5 1.4 课题研究的目的及意义 ......................................... 6
第2章 系统总体结构设计 ......................................... 7
2.1 系统总体方案设计 ............................................. 7 2.2 硬件系统中的芯片认识 ......................................... 7
2.2.1 AT89S51芯片简介 ...................................... 8 2.2.2 8255芯片简介 ......................................... 10 2.2.3 74LS164芯片简介 ....................................... 12 2.2.4 74LS273芯片简介 ....................................... 12
第3章 系统硬件电路设计 ........................................ 14
3.1 单片机控制系统设计 .......................................... 14
3.1.1 AT89S51最小系统的设计 ................................. 14 3.2 按键控制电路设计 ............................................ 15 3.3 LED显示电路设计 ............................................. 16
基于单片机的交通信号灯模拟控制器的设计说明
