现代大学英语听力3原文及答案unit5 

Unit 5 Task 1

【答案】 A.

1) More than 38 million people

2) Ms. Stanecki is an UN AIDS Senior Adviser. She says that some of the fastest growing epidemics can found in Asia. 3) Intravenous drug use.

4) Anti-AIDS drags are widely available there. This has made some people pay less attention to the danger of becoming infected with HIV. B. 1) F 2) F 3) F 4) T

C. worsening, five million, Africa, 25 million, one million, increase, political and

financial, have access, one in five, more than half 【原文】

A new report by the UN AIDS organizations finds the global AIDS epidemic is worsening. The agency says more people in all regions around the world are becoming infected with HIV, the virus which causes AIDS.

UN AIDS reports that significant progress has been made in providing treatment for larger numbers of AIDS victims and in achieving greater political and financial commitments in the fight against the fatal disease. Despite this, the report says none of these efforts has been enough to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS.

Last year, the report notes five million people became newly infected with HIV. That is more people than any previous year. Currently, it says, more than 38 million people are living with the disease.

UN AIDS Senior Adviser Karen Stanecki says Asia, with 60 percent of the world's population, is home to some of the fastest growing epidemics in the world. In 2003 alone, she says, more than one million people became infected with HIV.

“Equally alarming, we have only just begun to witness the full impact of AIDS on African societies as infections continue to grow and people are dying in large numbers. The scale of the problem in Africa is well documented, with over 25 million infections. If we don’t act now, 60 percent of today’s 15-year-olds will not reach their 60th birthday.”

The report says the Caribbean is the hardest hit region in the world after Africa. It also finds the HIV/AIDS epidemic is continuing to expand in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, mainly due to intravenous drug users.

UN AIDS says infections also are on the rise in the United States and Western Europe. It blames this largely on the widespread availability of anti-AIDS drags, which it says has made some people in these wealthy countries complacent.

UN AIDS Director of Monitoring and Evaluation, Paul De Lay, acknowledges that around the world prevention programs are reaching fewer than one in five people who need them. Nevertheless, he says there has been a dramatic increase in prevention activities for young people and several other successes as well.

\both in primary and secondary schools. That is a huge increase from the late 1990s. In highly vulnerable groups like sex workers, we are seeing a real success story in Africa. 32 percent of sex workers that are identified have access to HIV prevention and there is a large increase in condom use in this population.\

The report says global spending on AIDS has increased greatly, but, more is needed. It estimates $12 billion will be needed by next year, and $20 billion by 2007,

for prevention and care in developing countries. The United Nations says AIDS funding has increased sharply in recent years, in part due to the US government's global AIDS initiative. But it says still globally less than half the money needed is being provided.

Task 2

【答案】 A.

1) 40,000, addicted, nature, nurture 2) won’t, addict, prone 3) genetic, fixed, fated 4) regulations, implications B. 1) a) 2) b) 3) a) C.

1) Human genes are all under close study in laboratories.

2) It implies that insurance companies or employers might take advantage and discriminate against those who have been identified as being at high risk. 【原文】

Mary Gearin: Welcome to the lab. Like it or not, we're all in the Petri dish now as

more scientists than ever look for the cause of our habits lying hidden in our genes.

Dr. Whitfield: The advances in DNA technology mean that techniques can be applied

to this type of research which weren't possible before and which give the prospect of what you might call an explosion in outcomes in actual findings that we can use.

Mary Gearin: It's a detective story with an unknown number of villains. We haven't

established how many of our 40,000 genes may leave us more likely to be addicted, but some scientists do believe they've confirmed a layperson's principle—that we're about half nature, half nurture.

Dr. Whitfield: The conclusion at the moment is that genetics accounts for about half

the variation in liability to a number of kinds of addiction and that environmental influences, or just the random things that happen to us as we go through life, account for the other half.

Mary Gearin: Of course, genes won't determine who will or won't become an addict,

only those who are more prone to becoming one. Listen to a reformed smoker and a leading researcher in the field, Wayne Hall.

Wayne Hall: I think we really do have a task in front of us to educate people that

“genetic” doesn’t mean fixed, immutable, unchangeable, fated. It still leaves plenty of room for human decision, choice and capacity to influence and change behaviour.

Mary Gearin: Wayne Hall is pushing for regulations to deal with the ethical

implications that have inevitably surfaced.

Wayne Hall: If we were able to identify people in advance as being at high risk

because they possessed a set of genes, then that might have adverse effects on them in terms of the way others in their social environment treat them. It might have effects if insurance companies take account of that information or employers and so on.

Mary Gearin: But would addicts take any more responsibility for their own actions?

Our distinctly unscientific sample of smokers told us: not really. If a test came out, would you have yourself tested to see if you had that gene?

Julie: Honestly, probably not.

Mary Gearin: Would you want your kids to take that test to perhaps ware them off

smoking if they had that gene as well?

John Mackay: Only if they become problem smokers I'd probably suggest it, yeah.

Otherwise I wouldn't worry about it.

Task 3

【答案】

A. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) B. [√] 2. [√] 3. [√] 5. [√] 7. [√] 9. [√] 10. [√] 12. [√] 13. C.

1) elementary school teacher, frustrations, peers, taught, learnt 2) high EQ, adults, children 【原文】

Claire Nolan: Hi. This is Claire Nolan.

Bill Rodney: Any I’m Bill Rodney. Today we’ll be discussing EQ—not IQ. EQ:

emotional intelligence. We've been hearing a lot about EQ lately, and in fact you might have seen Daniel Goleman's best-selling book about it in the bookstore. Your emotional intelligence quotient seems to include both intra- and interpersonal relationships—in other words, how well you handle your own emotions, and how well you respond to others.

Claire Nolan: Yes, but Bill, that's not exactly a new idea, is it? I mean—I know a lot

of old proverbs about thinking before you act, and that kind of thing.

Bill Rodney: That's true, but the term itself is a new one, and it shows that people

have realized, the way you control your feelings is just as important as your education—maybe even more important. But what's really interesting and the focus of today's session is: Can you learn EQ? We'll be talking to three people today—all educators, in their own way—to get their perspective on it. Our first guest is Betty Cortina. Betty, you're an elementary school teacher. Do you really think that some kids have higher EQ's than others?

Betty Cortina: Oh sure! Even at five or six years old, some of the kids tend to be

much more patient and easy-going than others. And then others are prone to shout and make a big fuss. I mean, I don't want to make it sound as if it's bad to be spirited, or anything, but if you can't control your emotions, even at that age, you can have a lot of problems.

Bill Rodney: Like what?

Betty Cortina: Well, if you can't deal with setbacks, you don't make progress; and if

you're always impatient, your peers don't like you.

Bill Rodney: Can you give us an example?

Betty Corrina: Sure. One example is how kids deal with frustration. Imagine a child

who is having trouble doing a math problem. She gets frustrated with the problem, throws her pencil down, yells angrily, \is a stupid

problem! I hate it!\handle the situation better. She might try different ways to approach the problem, or ask for help, and so on. And she will be more successful because she won't let her negative feelings get in the way of her task.

Bill Rodney: I guess I can understand that, but my question is: Can you learn to

have a higher EQ? Let’s see, our next guest is Jim McDonald. Do you want to respond to that question?

Jim McDonald: Yes. Well, as you know, I run management training programs for a

bank here in the city, and I agree this EQ idea is definitely important. Let’s face it: When the going gets tough, it’s much better for an employee to have a positive, enthusiastic attitude than to dwell on failures. But what I find is that some people just take life in stride and other people don't. I mean, of course you can point them in the right direction—that's what I try to do in my seminars—but some people never learn to improve their EQ.

Betty Cortina: No, I disagree. Kids can be taught to have patience and not to give up

when things go wrong. They learn to respond well to their emotions. They learn how to sit still and listen, and how to respect others. And I don't believe we are born with a high emotional intelligence quotient. I think we have to learn those skills.

Jim McDonald: Okay, so maybe you can teach children, but frankly, I don't see how

adults can ever change. I mean, I work with a lot of managers, and the good ones are sharp, perceptive people who respond well to change. I don't think the others can learn that.

Bill Rodney: Why not?

Jim McDonald: Well, part of the problem is that people with a low EQ have a difficult

time seeing how their behavior affects other people. They see no reason to change. Their behavior has negative effects—for themselves and for others—but they don't see it that way. They tend to blame other people for the problems they are having. People like this just don’t work well with other people. I’d say they have a lower EQ and they’ll probably never adjust their behavior.

Task 4

【答案】 A.

1) Marriage counsel/Psychologist. 2) Yes.

3) With help, he learned to see that his wife’s success was also his success instead of his failure. B.

1) T 2) F 3) T 【原文】

Bill Rodney: Our third guest, Ian Davis, is a marriage counselor. Ian, from the

perspective of a marriage counselor, can adults change their EQ's?

Ian Davis: Yes. I am a psychologist and I work with couples, married couples, who

are having problems. From what I can see, some people, adults, I mean, can change their EQ's.

Bill Rodney: How so?

Ian Davis: Well, I think that the key to keeping a relationship together is learning to empathize with your partner.

Bill Rodney: Did you say \

lan Davis: Yes, it's crucial. Couples who have successful relationships try hard to

understand each other's feelings. First, you have to put yourself in your partner's shoes. That makes it easier for you to make allowances for your partner's weaknesses. You have to learn to control your reactions even when you feel angry or resentful.

Bill Rodney: So you're saying people can learn those things? Don't you think that, as

Jim said, some people have it and some don't?

Ian Davis: No, I disagree strongly with what he said. I do see people change. If I

didn't think people could change, I'd be in a different line of work!

Bill Rodney: I'm not quite sure I understand what you're saying. Tell us about

someone you've seen acquire a higher EQ.

Ian Davis: Well, let me tell you about a case I saw recently. I had some clients, a

husband and wife, a few months ago, and the wife had gotten a promotion at work. Now the husband was happy for her, of course, but he also felt a bit jealous. He felt like a failure because he hadn’t gotten a promotion at his job.

Bill Rodney: So what happened to them?

Ian Davis: Well, the husband had to learn to swallow his pride and put aside his

negative feeling. I told him to concentrate on the good thing that had happened to his wife instead of thinking about himself. With practice, he was able to see that her success was also his success, not his failure. I really think he raised his own EQ by doing that.

Bill Rodney: Thank you, Ian. And I’ll remember to keep EQ in mind. Maybe I can get

a little better it! And thank you, Betty and Jim, for joining us today.

Task 5

【答案】 A. Shelley Linda Ray Ishwood Travers Jenkins What medical problem Backache Wart Arthritis did he/she have? How did the doctor Giving her tests Recommending Giving him treat him/her? an operation injections Was the experience No No No satisfactory? Did the patient get Yes Yes Yes better later? What was/might be the Hard desk chair Stress Cold and rainy cause of the problem? weather B. 1) He should have asked some questions, like what kind of work she did, or how long she spent at the computer every day. 2) Acupuncture.

3) They have to be more careful before they recommend operations. 4) He tends to get better when it’s warmer.