04英语语言学概论A卷及答案

2007-2008学年第一学期04英语（专升本）语言学概论A卷

Part I Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully and put the letter

A,B,C or D in the brackets. (2%×20=40%)

1.______refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. A. Parole B. Langue C. Competence D Performance

2.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrates language is____. A. arbitrary B. vocal C. creative D communicative

3. The description of a language at some point of time in history is a ________study. A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. synchronic D. diachronic 4. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in ____. A. the place of articulation B. the obstruction of air stream C. the position of the tongue D. the shape of the lips

5._______phonetics studies how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds. A.Ariculatory B.Auditory C.Acoustic D. Oral

6. The________view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.（ ）

A. naming theory B.conceptualist C. contextualism D. behaviorism 7. The word “ smog” is formed through .( ). A. backformation B. blending C. clipping D. derivation 8.The affix “ed” in the word “stopped” is known as a(n)________ morpheme. A. derivational B. free C. inflectional D. open

9．A(n)____act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention, it is the act performed in saying something.

A. locutionary B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D. speech 10. Which word can be analyzed as +HUMAN+ADULT-MALE （ ）

A．boy B．girl C．man D．woman 11. The pair of words \（ ） .

A. gradable B. converse C. relational D. complementary 12. There are morphemes in the word “telecommunication”.（ ） A.2 B.3 C. 4 D.5 13. The relationship between \ . （ ）

A. polysemy B.hyponymy C. homonymy D. synonymy

14. is defined as the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. （ ）

A. Phonetics B. Morphology C. Syntax D. Semantics

15 .“Sweets” and “candy” are used respectively in Britain in and America, but refer to the

same thing. The words are synonyms. ( )

A. collocational B. stylistic C. complete D. dialectal 16. is the study of the relationship between brain and language. ( ) A. Psycholinguistics B. Sociolinguistics C. neurolinguistics D. Semantics 17. is the discussion about the relationship between language and culture.

A. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis B.Critical Period Hypothesis C.Bilingualism D.Behaviorism 18. X: John’s bike needs repairing. Y: John has a bike. What’s the relations between the two sentences. A. X entailsY. B. X presupposes Y C. X is synonymous withY D. X is inconsistent withY

19. _____as either intentionally or unintentionally deviant forms and self-corrigible suggest failure in performance.

A.Errors B. Mistakes C. Transfer D. Interference

20. The____ view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops. A. behaviorist B. innatist C. interactionist D. cognitive

Part II. Define the following terms (3%×5=15%points)

1. language 2. pragmatics 3.culture 4.second language acquisition 5. syntax

Part III. Linguistic theory and linguist. (1%×8=8%)

1. competence and performance ( ) A. G. Leech 2. semantic triangle ( ) B. Krashen

3. contextualism ( ) C. Ogden and Richard 4. Course in General Linguistics ( ) D. J.R. Firth 5. predication analysis ( ) E. John Austin

6. speech act theory ( ) F. S. P. Carder and Larry. Selinker 7. Input Hypothesis ( ) G.. Saussure 8. interlanguage ( ) H. Chomsky

Part IV Answer the following questios. (5%×3=15%)

1.What are the main features of human language that is different from animal communication system?

2. What is phonetics? How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study? 3. What is a register? Please use Halliday’s register theory to analyze:

A lecture on biology in a technical college.

2007-2008学年第一学期04英语（专升本）语言学概论A卷答题纸

题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ 总分 得分 教师签名 Part I Best choice. (2%×20=40%)

得 分 阅卷教师 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 选项 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 选项 Part II Define the following terms (3%×5=15%)

得 分 1. language 阅卷教师

2. pragmatics

3.culture

4.second language acquisition

5. syntax

Part III Linguistic theory and linguist. (1%×8=8%) 得 分 阅卷教师 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 选项 Part IV. Answer the following questios. (5%×3=15% )

得 分 1. What are the main features of human language that is different 阅卷教师 from animal communication system?

2. What is phonetics? How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?

3. What is a register? Please use Halliday’s register theory to analyze:

A lecture on biology in a technical college.

Part IV. Theory and practice. (22%)

(2). What did you eat for lunch?

得 分 阅卷教师 1.Think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts.(4%) (1)Oh, it is raining.

(2) Today is Sunday.

2. What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting these maxims give rise to conversational implicature?(10%)

3. Draw a tree diagram for the following statements.(3%+5%) (1). The boy will find the the book.

04英语(专升本)语言学概论参考答案

Part I Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and put the letter A,B,C or

D in the brackets. (2%×20=40%)

1-5 BACBA 6-10 BBCBD 11-15 CBBBD 16-20 CABBC

Part II Define the following terms (3%×5=15%)

1. Language can be defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human

communication.

2. Pragmatics is the study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful

communication.

3. Culture means the total way of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs,

objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.

4. Second llanguage acquisition refers to the systematic study of how one person acquires a

second language subsequent to his native language.

5. Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences

and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.

Part III. Linguist and linguistic theory. (1%×8=8%) 1H 2C 3D 4G 5A 6E 7B 8F Part IV Answer the following questions. (5%×3=15% )

1. Arbitrariness. The relationship between the two subsystems of language is arbitrary. There is no logical connection between sound and meaning.

Creativity. Language provides opportunities for sending messages that have never been sent before and for understanding brand new messages. he grammar rules and the words are finite, but the sentences are infinite. Every speaker uses language creatively.

Duality. Language contains two subsystems, one of sounds and the other of meanings. Certain sounds or sequences of sounds stand for certain meanings.

Displacement There is no limit in time or space for language. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.

Cultural transmission. Culture cannot be genetically transmitted. Instead, it must be learned. Language is a way of transmitting culture.

2. Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.

Phonetics and phonology differ in their approach and focus. Phonetics is of a general nature, it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages: how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified, etc. Phonology, on the other hand, aims to discover how speech sounds in a

language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.

3.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register. Halliday further distinguishes three social variables that determine the register: field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse.

Field: scientific (biological) Tenor: teacher-students(formal, polite) Mode: oral (academic lecturing) Part IV. Theory and practice. (22%) 1. (4%)

(1) （2）根据学生所给出的语境酌情给分, 每小题2分. 2. (10%)

The four maxims are:

1).Quantity--Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange.--Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. 2）Quality – Try to make your contribution one that is true. Do not say what you believe to be false. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence. 3). Relation – Be relevant.

4). Manner – Be perspicuous. Avoid obscurity of expression. Avoid ambiguity. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity). Be orderly.

These maxims can be violated for various reasons, but only when they “flouted”, to use Grice’s term, does “conversational implicature” occur. Use some specific examples to test it. 3. (3%+5%)