四川大学2019年化工复试英语翻译
1. When a fluid flows through a duct or over a surface, the velocity over a place at right angles to the stream isnot normally uniform. The variation of velocity can beshown by the use of streamlines which are lines so drawn that the velocity vector is always tangential to them.The flow rate between any two streamlines is alwaysthe same. Constant velocity over a cross-section is shown by equidistant streamlines and increase in velocityby closer spacing of streamlines.
2. It is found the heat transfer rate per unit areaq is dependent on those physical properties which affect flowpattern. The thermal properties of the fluid and the velocity of flow the fluid over the surface, the temperaturedifference t and a factor determining the natural circulation effect cause by expansion of the fluid on heating.
3. The oil distilled in a very large steel tower, the technical names of which is the fractionating tower. The towe r is thirty to fifty meters tall and its diameter is one to three meters. It is divided into chambers, each of whichcontains a layer of trays. There are holes in the trays. The chambers are at different heights, and temperatureat each height is different.
4. A group of operation for separating the componentsof mixture is based on the transfer of material from onehomogeneous phase to another. Unlike purely mechanical separation, these methods utilize differences in vapor pressure or solubility, not density or particle size.The driving force for transfer is a concentration difference to or a concentration gradient, much as a temperature difference or a temperature gradient provides the dri ving force heat transfer.
5. The three most important characteristic of an individual particle are its composition, its size and its shape. Composition determine such properties as density and Conductivity provided that the particle is completely uniform. a particle shape may be regular such as sphericalor cubic, or it may be irregular as, for example, witha piece of broken glass.
6. homogeneous catalysis is the industrical oxo procesS for manufacturing normal iosbuty(# J l). A homogeneous catalysis press involve more than one phase.Usually the catalyst is a solid and the reactants and products are in liquid or gaseous form.
7. When the vapors rise into the cooler part of the fractionating tower, they lose heat, the vapors rise until theyare just below their own boiling temperature. then they condense on a tray and turn into a liquid again. The liquid on each tray flows into a separate small tower where the liquid breaks down into smaller fractions. The separation of the hydrocarbons is more accurate.
8. The function of distillation is to separate by vaporization, a liquid mixture of miscible, and volaule substances into individual components or, in some cases, into groups of components,the separation of a mixture of alcohol and water into its component of liquid nitrogen, Oxygen and argon, and of crude petroleum into gasolinekerosene, fuel oil, and lubrication stock are examples of distillation.
9. For the pumping of liquids or gases from one vessel t0 another or through long pipes, some from of mechanical pump is usually employed The energy require by the pump will depend on the height through which theliquids raised the pressure required at delivery point, the length and diameter of the pipe, the rate of flow, together with the physical properties of the liquid, particularly its viscosity and density.
10. In the majority of chemical processes heat is eithergiven out or absorbed, and fluids must often be heated or coole in a wide range of plant, such as furnaces, evaporates, distillation units, dryers ,and reaction vesselswhere one of the major problems is that of transferringheat at the desired rate. In addition, it may be necessary to prevent the loss of heat at the desires rate forms 0ne of the most important areas of chemical engineering.
山东大学化工复试题
11.How do we liquefy petroleum gas?
12.How does a fridge cooler work?
13.All chemists are familiar with the familiar Liebig(李比希) condenser， which we position on top of a refluxing flask to prevent the flask boiling dry. How does a reflux condenser work?
14.The ice on a path or road is slippery and dangerous， as we saw when considering black ice and ice skaters. One of the simplest ways to make a road or path safer is to sprinkle salt on it， which causes the ice to melt. Why does the ice on a path melt when sprinkled with salt?
15.Saucepans and other household implements made of aluminium often have a brightly coloured， shiny coating. This outer layer comprises aluminium oxide incorporating a small amount of dye. How is coloured (‘anodized’) aluminium produced?
山东大学英语面试题(注：不是考研复试题，仅供参考)
1.地沟油的化学本质是什么？
2.毕业后愿意继续深造还是工作?
3.为什么选择化学专业？
4.如何从化学角度治理黄河。
5.跳远分为几个阶段，这几个阶段的能量转化是什么？
6.蚂蚁从十楼掉下来会不会摔死？
7.如何制碘？为什么要往盐中加碘。
8.化雪剂的成分？
9.含铅汽油中，铅是以什么形式出现的？
10.物体都是热胀冷缩吗？
11.如何建设世界一流大学
12.C61和石墨烯，C54
13.人体内的化学元素有哪些
14.解释铵盐热分解
实验，钢瓶
第3点
一、 生活现象分析解释。(每题6分)
1.为什么对着手背吹气是冷的，而呵气是热的?
2.关于煮饺子，民间有这样的说法“盖锅盖煮馅，敝锅盖煮皮，冻了的饺子加凉水”。
试用你知道的理论来解释一下。
3.手接触热水玻璃杯，为什么能感觉到的是水的温度？
4.火车站站合黄色线的作用是什么?为什么?
5.有没有发现在炒板架时，炒锅里要放一些黑色小颗粒。那是什么东西?有什么作用?运用你
学过的知识分析一下。
6.气温下降，应添加衣服，应把保暖性好的衣服穿在里面好，还是穿在外面好?
7.“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”的科学意义。
8.鸳鸯火锅，红汤为何比清汤沸得快?
9.用化学工程原理解释“开水不响，响水不开”的现象。
10.解释为什么海面上的冰川含盐量低
二、分析题(10分)
熬制中药时，一般先用水将中药浸泡，然后大火煮沸后小火熬制20分钟后倒出液体，再加入冷水继续加热至沸腾，然后小火熬煮20分钟，共熬制三次。试用你学过的化工原理知识详细分析熬制中药过程。(请运用传质机理，化学动力学及化学热力学等来分析)。
实验室灭火器种类，举出几种常见的，并写出其应用场合。
复试的时候老师说假设你面前有一个火源，你该怎么具体操作？
看什么着火了
专业素养就是这样简单的事情就可以测出来的，就算老师不问你，也可以给自己强行加戏。比如老师问你进实验室以后该怎么样。
你就可以强行加戏，说是第一步培养消防意识，安全第一，然后把上面的那些话说一遍。
第4点
绿色化学习题
1.化学需氧量COD是什么
2.原子利用率最不经济的反应类型是
A、重排反应 B、取代反应
C、加成反应 D、消除反应
3.下列氧化剂中可称为绿色化试剂的是( )
A、高锰酸钾 B、过氧化氢
C、重铬酸钾 D、硝酸 多选题
4.( )是温室气体
A、H2O B、CO2 C、NOX D、CH4
5.( )是形成酸雨的重要污染源
A、SO2 B、NOX C、CH4 D、CO2
6.化学物质由( )等组成
A、分子 B、原子
C、离子 D、光子
7.化学反应可能向( )的方向进行
A、能量降低 B、熵增大
C、能量增大 D、混乱度减小 多选
8.原子经济性在数值上用( )衡量
A、E因子 B、EQ C、原子利用率 D、产率
9.下列属于人工合成高分子中绿色合成的是( )
A、使用绿色原料
信息整理与化学趣味竞赛题
