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2009年考研英语（一）试题
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. ___1___ the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly ___2___ to live shorter lives. This suggests that ___3___ bulbs burn longer, that there is an ___4___ in not being too terrifically bright.
Intelligence, it ___5___ out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow ___6___ the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual ___7___ — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to ___8___.
Is there an adaptive value to ___9___ intelligence? That's the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance ___10___ at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ___11___ of our own intelligence might be. This is ___12___ the mind of every animal I've ever met.
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would ___13___ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, ___14___, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that ___15___ animals ran the labs, they would test us to ___16___ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really ___17___, not merely how much of it there is. ___18___, they would hope to study a ___19___ question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? ___20___ the results are inconclusive. 1. [A] Suppose 2. [A] tended 3. [A] thinner 4. [A] tendency 5. [A] insists on 6. [A] off 7. [A] incredible 8. [A] fight 9. [A] invisible 10. [A] upward 11. [A] features 12. [A] outside 13. [A] deliver
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Section I Use of English
[B] Consider [B] feared [B] stabler [B] advantage [B] sums up [B] behind [B] spontaneous [B] doubt [B] limited [B] forward [B] influences [B] on [B] carry
[C] Observe [C] happened [C] lighter [C] inclination [C] turns out [C] over [C] inevitable [C] stop [C] indefinite [C] afterward [C] results [C] by [C] perform
[D] Imagine [D] threatened [D] dimmer [D] priority [D] puts forward [D] along [D] gradual [D] think [D] different [D] backward [D] costs [D] across [D] apply
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14. [A] by chance 15. [A] if 16. [A] moderate 17. [A] at 18. [A] Above all 19. [A] fundamental 20. [A] By accident
[B] in contrast [B] unless [B] overcome [B] for [B] After all [B] comprehensive [B] In time
[C] as usual [C] as [C] determine [C] after [C] However [C] equivalent [C] So far
[D] for instance [D] lest [D] reach [D] with [D] Otherwise [D] hostile [D] Better still
Section I I Reading comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. \in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word \
So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
\Mind\just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.' \A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.\
All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. \— that anyone can do anything,\business partner. \doing even more of it creates excellence.\21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being ________________________.
A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable
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22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be ________________________
A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided
23. \
A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections
24. Ms. Markova's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ________________________?
A, prevents new habits form being formed B, no longer emphasizes commonness
C, maintains the inherent American thinking model D, complies with the American belief system 25. Ryan most probably agree that
A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind B. innovativeness could be taught C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas D. curiosity activates creative minds
Text 2
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots .
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical, \doing ancestry testing,\ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together
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information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's _________________________________.
[A] easy availability [B] flexibility in pricing [C] successful promotion [D] popularity with households
27. PTK is used to ______________________________.
[A] locate one's birth place [B] promote genetic research [C] identify parent-child kinship [D] choose children for adoption
28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to______________________________.
[A] trace distant ancestors [B] rebuild reliable bloodlines [C] fully use genetic information [D] achieve the claimed accuracy
29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is ______________________________.
[A] disorganized data collection [B] overlapping database building [C] excessive sample comparison [D] lack of patent evaluation
30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______________________________.
[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA testing [B] DNA testing and It's problems [C] DNA testing outside the lab [D] lies behind DNA testing
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Text 3
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The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -- a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.
What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
As education improved, humanity's productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.
31. The author holds in paragraph 1
_________________________________.
[A] is subject groundless doubts [B] has fallen victim of bias [C] is conventional downgraded [D] has been overestimated
32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system ______________________________.
[A] challenges economists and politicians [B] takes efforts of generations
[C] demands priority from the government [D] requires sufficient labor force
33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that ______________________________.
[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined
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that the important of education in poor countries
05-09考研英语一真题
