英国文学作家,作品主要特征风格(吐血整理)

.

人

1.

William Shakespeare莎士比亚 1564-1616

书

Three periods

1. Historical plays & comedies & early tragedies Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;

2. Great tragedies

Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记; Othello奥塞罗; King Lear李尔王;

The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;； Measure for Measure恶有恶报;

3. Tragi-comedies

The Tempest暴风风雨;

脑

Renaissance

Shakespearian sonnet 14行诗

Not for an age, but for all time. 永垂不朽 Quatrain 成组句 Couplet 对偶句

John Milton 约翰·弥尔顿 1608-1674

Three periods: 1. Short poems

L‘Allegro欢乐的人;

Features

Milton's poetry and prose reflect 1. deep personal convictions 2. a passion for freedom and self-determination

3. the urgent issues and

(The phases Il Penseroso沉思的人; of Milton's life Comus科马斯;

the

Lycidas列西达斯;

parallel

.....

.

2 major political turbulence 4.

achieved

international

historical and 2. Pamphlets & tracts political divisions

Areopagitica论出版自由;

in The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩;

renown within his lifetime. Special Features

Stuart Britain. )

The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人1. Rich and complex texture, 民声辩;

3. poems

Paradise Lost失乐园; Paradise Regained复乐园;

Samson Agonistes力士参孙

multiplicity (Biblical

of and

the

classical

mythological)

references, wealth of ornament and decoration

2. Subjects are magnificent 3. The characters are human and believable

4. In the ending, life not death is triumphant Influence

Romantic poets William Blake and Percy Shelley, who saw Satan as the real hero of the poem and a rebel against the tyranny of Heaven........Winston Churchill

.....

Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·迪福

Fiction

Artistic features:

1. D had a gift for organizing

.

1660-1731 3

Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719 minute detail---both credible and fascinating.

2. His sentences are sometimes short and plain,sometimes long and rambling---an impression of casual narration.

1. The Father Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720 of the English Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯 》1722 Fiction 2. important English novelist 标志着近代英国小说的形成 3.

A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事 》1722 first

Non-fiction

The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷3. His language is smooth, easy, 径 》 Poems

and mostly vernacular地方的. everything is common English at its best instead of artificial..

versatile Hymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated the 3. His novels enjoy a popularity

lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .

among middle class.

多产的

The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his first Theme ironic poem & the most successful poem.

1. Sings the praises of labour 2. Beautifies the colonialism 3. Reflects the aggressive and brave image of the rising English bourgeoisie

4. Belaud the individualism. 5. Affirm the power of human, espcially the force of reason

.....

.

4 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745

The Battle of Books书的战争; an attack on pedantry(买弄学问)

Style: simple, clear, vigorous language; direct and precise prose;

( a master of A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事; a master satirist; satire ) Dublin ,Ireland

1. in the form of a parable

deadly irony & powerful satire.

2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack on Swift’s Artistic Features Christianity itself

1. Satire

Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm.

Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记

Lilliput 小人国--the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党)

Brobdingnag 大人国---a satire on English lords and His satire is usually masked ladies

by an outward gravity and an

earnestness

which

Flying Island 飞岛国---corrupted philosophers & apparent projectors

renders his satire all the more

Country of the Horses 智马国---the conflicts of English powerful. society and people

2. Simplicity and Directness

is

always

most

A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议 Swift

unsurpassed in the writing. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”

5 Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁

Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传--epistolary novel 书信体小

Literary Views 1.He

firmly

believed

the

.....

.

1707-1754 （英国现实主义小说的奠基者）

说

Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传

The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;

Amelia阿美利亚

educational function of literature 2.The purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct 3.“the just copies of human manners”

(人类态度的完整拷贝） Literary Features

1.The first to give the modern novel its structure and style 2.Third-person “all-knowing God”

3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous

narration

6 Robert Burns 彭

1759-1796 (the poet

斯

Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 Poems:

His theme:

1.Love & friendship

2.The natural beauty of his native Scotland 3.The

patriotism

of

his

national The Tree of Liberty自由村;

of Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;

The Two Dogs两只狗;

Scotland 苏格兰民族诗人)

compatriots and their struggle for liberty

.....