状语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点: 表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 从句(条件) 主句(目的) If+主语+动词的过去式(be用主语+would(should were) might)+动词原型 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. could 表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 If+主语+had+动词的过去分主语+would(should could 词 might)+have+动词的过去分词 If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. 1、If+主语+动词过去式 主语+would(could should 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原might)+动词原型 形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America. 有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,but for)上下文或其他方式来表示。 1. 条件暗含在短语中; 2. 条件暗含在上下文中; 3. 虚拟式变为习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去,而将had,should,were等助动词提到主语之前。 例:原句:1: If she were younger,she,would do it. 去if:Were she younger,she,would do it. 2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him 3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气 含蓄条件句 条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
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虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中 1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3.表示与将来事实相反,(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意:1.在as if/as though 句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气。 例:He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest,for fear that,so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防,以免”等意思 谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing(that)/provided(that)/on condition that/suppose(that)/supposing(that)”引导的条件从句 根据情况,1.可以用虚拟语气。 例:suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例:They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
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“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句,也可以用虚拟语气 (should)+动词原型 例:1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.The game will be put off in case it snows. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一:宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。 对现在情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。 I wish (that) I were a bird. 对过去情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去完成时,或would,could,might+现在完成时。 I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. 对将来情况的虚拟:从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。 I wish (that) I would\\could go. 在表示建议,命令,要求,忠告,等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气,“should”常被省略。 We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 常用的此类动词有: 表示“提议,劝告,建议”的:propose,suggest,recommend,advise. 表示“要求”的:ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg 表示“同意,坚持”的:insist 表示“决定,命令”的:decide,order 注意:suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示,表明,坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested(暗示) that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted 【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money. 在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 经常用“should+动词原型(或完成形式),表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等情绪。 I cannot believe that you should think so. Would rather,had 谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反 rather,后的宾语从句 I would rather you told me the truth. 中的虚拟语气
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