1、求图示单元体的主应力,并在单元体上标出其作用面的位置。
80MPa 60MPa
解答:
?x?60Mpa,?y?0,?xy?80Mpa1?max???3??min}??x??y2?(?x??y2)2??xy2?6060Mpa?()2?(80)2?{115.44?55.44Mpa22 ??1?115.44Mpa,?2?0,?3??55.44Mpa tan2???2?xy??2?80;???34.7200?x??y60
?x??y??0??34.72 确定?1
?0?90 确定?3
2、已知应力状态如图。试求主应力及其方向角,并确定最大切应力值。
50MPa 100MPa 20MPa
解答:
??100Mpa,???50,??20Mpaxyxy
?1?max ??3??min}??x??y2?(?x??y2)2??xy2?100?50100?502Mpa?()?202?{102.62?52.62Mpa22 ??1?102.62Mpa,?2?0,?3??52.62Mpa
tan2?0??2?xy?x??y??2?20??0.2667;?0??7.46100?50 ?x??y??0??7.46确定?1 所以?0?90确定?3
???3102.62?52.62
?max?1??77.6Mpa
223、图示单元体,求:(1)指定斜截面上的应力:(2)主应力大小,并将主平面标在单元体图上。
200MPa 200MPa 300 300MPa
解答:
?x?200Mpa,?y??200,?xy??300Mpa,??60
?x??y?x??y40013???cos2???sin2??0?cos120?300sin120??200??300??159.8Mpaxy 6022222 ?60??x??y2maxminsin2???xycos2??400sin120?300cos120?32.32Mpa2 ??1??}??x??y?(?x??y)2??2?0?2002?3002??360.56Mpa??xy22
??1?360.56Mpa,?2?0,?3??360.56Mpa
2?xy2?300???1.5;?0?28.15 tan2?0???x??y400
?x??y??0?28.15 确定?1
3所以?0?90确定?3
4、用解析法求图示单元体ab面上的应力(??300),并求?max及主应力。
a ?20MPa b 40MPa
解答:
???40Mpa,??0,???20Mpaxyxy ???y?x??y4040?60?x?cos2???xysin2????cos120?20sin120?7.32Mpa2222?60????1?x??y2}?sin2???xycos2????(40sin120?20cos120??7.32Mpa22?max?x??y?x??y)??2??40??40?2?202?8.3Mpa
5、试求图示单元体主应力及最大切应力,并将主平面在单元体上标出。
40MPa 40MPa 20MPa
解答:
?x?40Mpa,?y??40,?xy?20Mpa
max???min}??x??y2?(?x??y2)2??xy2??44.7Mpa ??1?44.7Mpa,?2?0,?3??44.7Mpa tan2???2?xy??2?20??0.5;???13.300?x??y40?40
???y x??0确定?1,?0?90确定?3
?max?
1??1??3??44.7Mpa26、 物体内某一点,载荷系统Ⅰ和载荷系统Ⅱ单独作用时产生的应力状态分别如图(a)和(b)所示。试求两载荷系统同时作用时(仍处于弹性小变形)的主单元体和主应力。
y 100MPa x 60MPa (a) y 80MPa 600 x (b)
解答:
7、构件上某点处的应力状态如图所示。试求该点处的主应力及最大切应力之值,并画出三向应力状态的应力圆。
?y=20MPa ?x=50MPa ?z=30MPa 解答:
8、图示单元体,已知?x?100MPa、?y?40MPa及该点的最大主应力?1?120MPa。求该点的另外两个主应力?2、?3及最大切应力?max。
?max?min?xy=40MPa
}??x??y2?(?x??y2Mpa)2??xy2?{77.7?7.7Mpa??1?77.7Mpa,?2??7.7,?3??30Mpa?max?1??1??3??53.9Mpa2?y ?xy 10MPa ?x
解答:
?max?min}??x??y2?(?x??y240Mpa)2??xy2?{20Mpa??1?120Mpa,?2?20,?3?10Mpa?max?1??1??3??55Mpa2
9、试确定图示单元体的最大切应力,以及图示斜截面上的正应力和切应力。
40MPa 300 80MPa 20MPa
解答:
?1?80Mpa,?2?40Mpa,?3??20Mpaa ??
max?1??1??3??50Mpa2?x??1,?y??2,?xy?0?x??y2? ??30??x??y2cos2???xysin2??70Mpa
???y?30?xsin2???xycos2??17.32Mpa 2?y?50MPa,10、已知受力构件某处的?x?400?10?6,材料的E=200GPa,?z??40MPa,
v=。试求该点处的?y、?z。
解答:
??x?1??x?v??y??z???E?6?x??xE?v??y??z??400?10?6?200?109?0.3???50???40????10?83Mpa??y?1??y?v??z??x???185.5?10?6??E?z?1??z?v??y??x????399.5?10?6?E?11、图示拉杆,F、b、h以及材料的弹性常数E、v均为已知。试求线段AB的正应变和转角。