17, protein (proteoglycan): by the complex of the composition of a polypeptide with a polypeptide in the molecule, polysaccharide is the main component of the molecule.
The sixth chapter
1 fatty acids (fatty, acid): refers to one containing a long aliphatic hydrocarbon chain carboxyl group. Fatty acids are the simplest kind of fat, and it's a lot more complicated.
2, saturated acid C=C (fatty): No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, No.
3, unsaturated acid C=C (fatty): at least containing the fatty acids of the double bonds.
4, essential fatty acids (fatty acid occential): essential to maintain the normal growth of mammals, while animals and can not synthesize the fatty acids, Eg linoleic acid, flax acid.
Three, 5 fat (triacylglycerol): it is called triglycerides. An ester containing three lipid acyl groups with a glycerol. Fat and oil is a mixture of three fatty acids.
6, phospholipids (phospholipid): lipid containing phosphoric acid. Eg lecithin, brain phospholipids.
7, sphingolipids (was): a class containing sphingosine skeleton of the zwitterionic lipid, and the other end is connected with a long even fatty acid. At the other end to a polarity and alcohol. Sphingolipids sphingomyelin, brain phospholipids and gangliosides, there is generally in the plant and animal cell membranes, especially rich content in the tissue of the central nervous system.
8, sphingomyelin (in the meantime): a by the C-1 hydroxyl group of ceramide connected to the phosphate hair for choline (or phosphoric acid acetamide) composed of sphingolipids. Sphingomyelin exists in animal cells in mammals and most of the inner membrane, is a major component of myelin.
9, lecithin (lecithin): phosphatidylcholine (PC), is a complex of phosphatidylcholine and choline.
10, brain phospholipids (cephalin): PE, which is a complex of the formation of the phospholipid and the ethanol amine.
11 (liposome): vesicles (vesicles) that are formed by the phospholipid bilayer lipid phase space.
12, (bioligical membrane biofilm: mosaic protein lipid bilayer, plays a painting and dividing cells and organelles role in biofilm is with a lot of energy conversion and intracellular communication about the important parts.
13, membrane protein (integral): the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer is inserted into the lipid bilayer and membrane proteins are completely across the lipid bilayer.
14, peripheral protein (membrane): membrane proteins that interact and form hydrogen bonds with the membrane proteins of the polar head or inner membrane proteins by the ion interaction and the formation of hydrogen bonds.
15, fluid fluid model (mosaic): a model for the structure of biological membranes. In this model, the biological membrane is described as a fluid lipid bilayer with proteins, and the lipid bilayer is shown to exhibit asymmetry in both structure and function. Some proteins \in the lipid bilayer surface, and some of the parts or all of its internal, and some across the entire film. In addition, lipid and membrane proteins can be horizontal diffusion.
16, coefficient permeability: a measure of the ability of an ion or small molecule to diffuse lipid bilayer membrane. The coefficient of permeability is proportional to the solubility of these ions or molecules in a nonpolar solution.
17, protein (channel): the intrinsic membrane protein with a central water phase channel, which can make the size of the ions or molecules from the film in either direction.
18, (membrane) Kong Danbai (protein pore): the implication is similar to the membrane channel protein, but the term used in bacteria.
19 (transport passive): it is called the easy diffusion. Is a kind of transport way, through which the solute specific binding to a transporter protein, and then transported across the membrane, but the transfer is carried out along the direction of the concentration gradient, so passive to convey no energy support.
20, active (transport): a kind of transport way, which is based on a transport protein, which is transported to a transport protein, is a reverse concentration gradient descent direction. Energy in the primary active transport process can be light, ATP or electron transfer; and the second level of the active transport is carried out in the ion concentration gradient.
21, cooperative transport (contransport): two different solute transport across the membrane. Transport proteins can be transported in the same direction (same direction) or reverse direction (reverse transport) through a transport protein.
22, endocytosis (credit) (endocytosis): substance is ingested by the plasma membrane and the formation of lipid vesicles (substance in the capsule) is brought into the process of the cell.
The seventh chapter
1, (nucleoside) is a compound of nucleoside: purine or pyrimidine bases connected by covalent bond and pentose. Both the and the base of the -N- are formed from the N-1 or N-9 of the sugar.
2 nucleotide (uncleoside) phosphorylation: hydroxyl compounds formed in the pentose nucleoside composition.
3, camp (cycle amp): 3 ', 5' - cyclic AMP is intracellular second messenger activated adenylate cyclase enzyme catalyzes the ATP ring formation due to a unit of some hormones or other signal molecules stimulation.
4, two phosphodiester (linkage): a chemical group, a molecule of phosphoric acid and two alcohol (Qiang Ji) esterification of the two ester bonds. The ester bond is a bridge between two alcohol. Such as a nucleoside 3 'hydroxyl and don't a nucleoside 5' hydroxyl esterified with a molecular with phosphoric acid, formed a phosphodiester bond.
5, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): contains special deoxyribonucleotide sequence poly deoxynucleotides and deoxynucleotide is by 3 ', 5' - phosphodiester bond connection. DNA is the carrier of genetic information.
6, ribonucleic acid (RNA): by 3 ', 5' - phosphodiester bond connection formed special ribosomal nucleotide sequences of poly ribonucleotide.
7, ribosomal (ribonucleic, acid Rrna): as a component of the RNA, rRNA is the most abundant intracellular RNA.
8, mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid): a class of RNA, which is used as a template for protein synthesis.
9, transfer RNA (tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid): a class of carrying activated amino acids, it to the sites of protein synthesis and amino acid can be integrated into RNA on the growth of the peptide chain. TRNA contains an anti password that can recognize the complementary password on the template mRNA.
10, transformation (action) (transformation): an exogenous DNA is introduced into a host bacterium in a way that causes a change in the genetic characteristics of the bacterium.
11, transduction (action) (transduction): with the aid of a viral vector, genetic information is transferred from one cell to another.
12, base pairs (pair base): a pair of two nucleotides in the nucleic acid chain, such as A, T or U, and G and C.
13. Chargaff's rules (Chargaff 's rules): all DNA adenine and thymine molar content equal A=T, guanine and cytosine molar content equal G=C. Both purine content equal A+G=T+C. The base composition of DNA has a specificity, but not the specificity of tissues and organs. In addition, the changes in nutritional status and environment of the growth and development stage did not affect the base composition of DNA.
14, the DNA (helix DNAdouble): a nucleic acid conformation, in which the two helical structure of
英语学习材料第32期
