欧阳体创编 2021.02.03 欧阳美创编 2021.02.03
常用医学英语词根词缀
1．
时间：2021.02.03 创作：欧阳体 2． 人体主要器官前缀
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例
心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology
脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology 肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology 肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology 胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology 胆
gallbladder
chole-
biliary
holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology 脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy 肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology
3． 与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例
血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis
欧阳体创编 2021.02.03 欧阳美创编 2021.02.03
欧阳体创编 2021.02.03 欧阳美创编 2021.02.03
肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron 细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
4． 与数字有关的前缀
数字 前缀 示例 一
（
单
）
mono-/uni-
monomer/monoclone/carbon
monoxide/unidirectional
二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 四tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride 六
hexa-
hexachromic/benzene
hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 八octa- octahedral/octal system 九nona- nonapeptide/nonagon 十deca- decade/decagram/decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），
欧阳体创编 2021.02.03 欧阳美创编 2021.02.03
欧阳体创编 2021.02.03 欧阳美创编 2021.02.03
octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）
5． 颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色 通用名 前缀 示例
色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma 黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 紫 violet/purple 绿 green
棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring
橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G 粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 绯红 crimson
青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.
6． 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)
含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例
病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy
欧阳体创编 2021.02.03 欧阳美创编 2021.02.03
常用医学英语词根一之欧阳体创编
