第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议
政府工作报告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2013 Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council
第十二届全国人大一次会议在人民大会堂开幕，国务院总理温家宝代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告。
Fellow Deputies：On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you the report on the
government's work of the past five years and suggestions for its work this year for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). 各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告过去五年的政府工作，并对今年工作提出建议， 请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。
I. Review of Work in the Past Five Years
一、过去五年工作回顾
The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period of time in the course of China's development.
第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。 We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development. China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world. Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan. A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%. Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.
我们有效应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，国内生产总值从 26.6 万 亿元增加到 51.9 万亿元，跃升到世界第二位；公共财政收入从 5.1 万亿元增加到 11.7 万亿 元；累计新增城镇就业 5870 万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分 别增长 8.8%、9.9%；粮食产量实现“九连增”；
Progress was made in key areas of reform; and the open economy reached a new stage of development. We made China more innovative. Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways. China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned. 重要领域改革取得新进展，开放型经济达到新水平；创新型国家建设取得新成就，载人航天、 探月工程、载人深潜、北斗卫星导航系统、超级计算机、高速铁路等实现重大突破，第一艘 航母“辽宁舰”入列；
We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.
成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会；
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We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. 夺取抗击汶川特大地震、玉树强烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等严重自然灾害和灾后恢复重 建重大胜利。
China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly. 我国社会生产力和综合国力显著提高，人民生活水平和社会保障水平显著提高，国际地位和 国际影响力显著提高。
We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
我们圆满完成“十一五”规划，顺利实施“十二五”规划。
We made significant socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设取得重大进展，谱写了 中国特色社会主义事业新篇章。
The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features:
五年来的主要工作及特点：
1. Effectively responding to the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development
(一)有效应对国际金融危机，促进经济平稳较快发展。
In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century. We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan. In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's wellbeing, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
过去五年，我们是在持续应对国际金融危机严重冲击中走过来的。这场危机来势之猛、扩散 之快、影响之深，百年罕见。我们沉着应对，及时果断调整宏观调控着力点，出台进一步扩 大内需、促进经济平稳较快增长的十项措施，全面实施一揽子计划。两年新增 4 万亿元投资， 其中中央财政投资 1.26 万亿元，主要用于保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、基础设施、社 会事业、生态环保、自主创新等方面建设和灾后恢复重建。
Over the past five years: More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded. A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares. A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways. The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened
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to traffic. A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.
五年来，新建各类保障性住房 1800 多万套，棚户区改造住房 1200 多万套；完成大中型和重 点小型水库除险加固 1.8 万座，治理重点中小河流 2.45 万公里，新增节水灌溉面积 770 万公 顷；新增铁路里程 1.97 万公里，其中高速铁路 8951 公里，京沪、京广、哈大等高铁和一批 城际铁路相继投入运营；新增公路 60.9 万公里，其中高速公路 4.2 万公里，高速公路总里程 达 9.56 万公里；
Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed. 新建机场 31 个；新增万吨级港口泊位 602 个；一批跨江跨海大桥、连岛工程相继建成； Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed. Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.
西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重大工程顺利推进或建成；非化石能源快速发展，水电、 风电装机位居世界第一；
Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely. 重建后的汶川、玉树、舟曲等灾区发生了翻天覆地的变化。
These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development. They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions of people. 这些举世瞩目的成就，对我们有效应对国际金融危机严重冲击发挥了至关重要的作用，为经 济社会长远发展打下了坚实基础，已经并将继续造福亿万人民。
We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations. We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.
我们始终注重处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，增强宏 观政策的前瞻性、科学性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重点。
When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions. We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply. 在国际金融危机冲击最严重时，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，综合运用 多种财政政策工具，增加政府支出，实行结构性减税；有效运用存款准备金率、利率等货币 政策工具，保持货币信贷合理增长。
In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
根据宏观经济走势的变化，我们及时调整政策力度，适时退出刺激政策，实施积极的财政政 策和稳健的货币政策。
We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy. As a result, the government
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deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level. We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.
在财政政策运用上，坚持统筹兼顾，注重综合平衡。财政赤字占国内生产总值的比重从 2009 年的 2.8%降到去年的 1.5%左右，赤字率和债务负担率保持在安全水平。加强地方政府性债 务全面审计和地方政府融资平台管理，有效控制经济运行中的风险隐患。
In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks. The financial system functioned soundly. The banking sector became better able to avert risks. Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans dropped from 6.1% to 0.95%.
在货币政策运用上，始终注意把握稳增长、控物价和防风险之间的平衡。金融体系运行稳健， 银行业风险抵御能力持续增强，资本充足率从 2007 年底的 8.4%提升到去年底的 13.3%，不 良贷款率由 6.1%下降到 0.95%，一直保持在较低水平。
We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly. 坚持搞好房地产市场调控不动摇，遏制了房价过快上涨势头。
In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth. As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%. All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.
2012 年，在世界各大经济体增长全面减速、各种风险不断暴露的情况下，我们合理把握政 策力度，保持财政预算支出规模不变，优化支出结构，扭转经济下滑趋势，全面实现年初确 定的主要目标，国内生产总值增长 7.8%，城镇新增就业 1266 万人，居民消费价格涨幅回落 到 2.6%，为今年经济发展打下好的基础。
Over the past five years, China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth. Prices remained fairly stable. Employment steadily increased. The balance of payments moved toward equilibrium. GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period. China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies. The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.
这五年，我国宏观经济总体上保持增速平稳较快、物价相对稳定、就业持续增加、国际收支 趋于平衡的良好态势，国内生产总值年均增长 9.3%，显著高于同期全球和新兴经济体的增 速，通货膨胀率远低于其他新兴经济体。我国经济稳定，充满活力。
In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks. Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct. 回首这五年，面对国际经济形势复杂多变、持续低迷的严峻挑战，中央科学判断、果断决策， 有效避免了我国现代化进程因巨大的外部冲击而出现大的波折，实践证明这些决策部署是完
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全正确的。
2. Accelerating adjustment of the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic development
(二)加快经济结构调整，提高经济发展的质量和效益。
We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand. As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%. The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated. 坚持实施扩大内需战略，内需对经济增长的贡献率明显提高，经常项目顺差占国内生产总值 的比重从 10.1%下降到 2.6%。居民消费结构加快升级。 At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37.1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007. Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007. Travel- and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.
2012 年底，城镇和农村人均住房面积 32.9 平方米、37.1 平方米，分别比 2007 年增加 2.8 平 方米和 5.5 平方米；城镇居民每百户拥有家用汽车 21.5 辆，比 2007 年增加 15.5 辆；旅游、 文化消费大幅增加。
We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.
坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，大力推进产业转型升级。
China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world. With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.
我国制造业规模跃居全球首位，高技术制造业增加值年均增长 13.4%，成为国民经济重要先 导性、支柱性产业；
Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing. The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.
清洁能源、节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物医药、高端装备制造等一批战略性新兴产业快 速发展。产品质量整体水平不断提高。
The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.
服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重提高 2.7 个百分点，成为吸纳就业最多的产业。
We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment. Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed: Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons. Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons. Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.
扎实推进节能减排和生态环境保护。五年累计，共淘汰落后炼铁产能 1.17 亿吨、炼钢产能 7800 万吨、水泥产能 7.75 亿吨； Moreover, in the past five years: Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2%.Total chemical oxygen demand fell by
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2013年政府工作报告中英双语对照全文
