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【解题技巧】实例讲解托福阅读作者目的题题的解题方法
托福阅读不好攻克大家都知道，其中有几类题型是必考的，包括细节题、推理题、否定信息题以及作者目的题，这几类托福阅读题型一直很让人苦恼，不少人连托福阅读文章都没弄明白，该怎么办呢
?下面来为大腕介绍一下。
此类目的题的提问方式一般为：
Why does the author mention/include/use …?
The author …in order to … ? The author uses the example to ?
…for … purpose?
这种托福阅读题目一般问的是作者举某个例子，说某句话的目的是什么，判断好题干是第一步。一般的托福阅读文章的思路，作者在举例子的时候的主要目的都是为了证明自己的观点，所以在做这类题目的时候，真正的解题关键在于，所问例子前方的观点，我们来看一道例题：
The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new
attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One
mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience to the
ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines.” With the
loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike
artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters
supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few
workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could
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achieve the artisan’s dream of setting up one’s own business.
Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.
4. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in
order to
○Support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in
factories
○To show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by
factory machinery
○Argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories
○Emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their
complaints
题目问，作者为什么引用工人的话。工人的话“One mill worker who finally quit complained
revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are
so many living machi nes.””在文章的第三句出现，作为和例子一样的目的，来支持本段的观点句，即第一句，The first
generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes
easily.(第一代经历这些变化的人没有轻易的适应新的观点)。所以正确选项应该为观点句的同义替换。正确答案选择A，即支持一种观点，对于工人来说很难调整在工厂工作。B选项里面的工人退出(workers
sometimes quit)没有提到，C选项里面的clocks did not have a useful function(
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钟表不能发挥有效作用)不对，最后D选项里面说到当工人抱怨的时候工厂最成功，显然是不正确的。
但是不是所有的作者目的题，都只是段落的第一句话。每个段落的topic sentence位置不一样，或者说，每个例子对应的topic
sentence位置不一样。我们再来看一个例子：
Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the
maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also
true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant
difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by
the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their
primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the
materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which
requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and
stress. Paintings
must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint
must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be
overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception
of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of
horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was
实例讲解托福阅读作者目的题题的解题方法
