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Declarations
答案:Declarations are the speaker’s attempts to bring about immediate changes by saying (declaring) something, e.g. ‘I now declare the meeting open.’, ‘I fire you!’ Utterance meaning
答案:Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or in a context. Locutionary act
答案:Locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses, the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. Sentence meaning
答案:Sentence meaning is the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication. Commissives
答案:Commissives are the speaker’s attempts to commit the speaker himself to some future course of action, e.g. ‘I promise to come.’, ‘I will call you tomorrow morning without fail.’ Representatives
答案:Representatives are the speaker’s attempts to state or describe, say what the speaker believes to be true, e.g. ‘I have never been to England before.’, ‘The man is a rich man.’ perlocutionary act
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答案:Perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something, the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something. 问答题
what is the relationship between pragmatics and semantics?
答案:The relation between pragmatics and semantics is that both are linguistic studies of meaning. But they differ in that semantics traditionally studies meanings of words, meanings of sentences in isolation from language use, whereas pragmatics studies meanings in the context of language use. What is conversational implicature?
答案:Conversational implicature is a nonconventional implicature based on an addressee’s assumption that the speaker is following the conversational maxims or at least the cooperative principle. It occurs when any of the four maxims is violated.
How are sentence meaning and utterance meaning different from each other? 答案:Sentence meaning is the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication. Whereas utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or in a context. So the difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning is that the former is abstract and decontextualized, while the latter is concrete and context-dependent.
How does a sentence differ from an utterance?
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