3. Don’t be afraid. 24. I’m sorry to trouble you. 4. Help! 25. Would you please…? 5. Can’t you hear anything? 26. What were you doing at ten o’clock 6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there. yesterday morning? 7. Maybe it’s a tiger. 27. You look tired today. 8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food. 28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you 9. Did she learn all by herself? can. 10. Could she swim when she was …years 29. How kind! old? 30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an 11. She didn’t hurt herself. accident. 12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things. 31. It’s really nice of you. 13. Did he enjoy himself? 32. Don’t mention it. 14. Help yourselves. 33. Don’t crowd around him. 15. Bad luck! 16. Come on! IV. 重要语法 17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)! 18. It must be very interesting. 1. 不定代词/副词的运用； 19. I don’t think you’ll like it. 2. 反身代词的用法； 20. It seems to be an interesting book. 3. 并列句； 21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not 4. 形容词和副词的比较等级； sure what to… 5. 冠词的用法； 22. I hope so. 6. 动词的过去进行时； 23. What was he/she drawing when…?
【名师讲解】 1. bring/take
Bring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如： Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。
Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。 2. somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如： Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。 Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗？ I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看见。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见。 There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it .谁也没告诉我你病了所以我不知道。 3. listen, listen to, hear 这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于： (1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 为listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。如：
Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？
(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的能力和结果。如：We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，但是什么也没有听见。 4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如： He has many books.他有许多书。He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示\有一点儿\，侧重于肯定，相当于\，但a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。 Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。 (3)few和little表示\几乎没有\，侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例如： He is a strange man. He has few words.他是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。 Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快，没什么时间了。 5. either/ neither/ both
either可作形容词，一般指\两者中的任何一个\。有时也可表示\两个都……\的意思，后跟名词的单数形式；neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否定；both: 指两者都，肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语，both后面应跟名词的复数形式。如：Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的）Either of the films is good. 两部电影都不错。（谓语动词用单数）Both the teachers often answer the questions.这两个老师都常常解答问题。 6. take part in/join
take part in参加某种活动; join参加，加入某一政党或组织。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我的派对吗？We often take part in many school activities.我们经常参加学校里的一些活动。He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的党。My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年参的军。 7. quite/ rather/ very
(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相当”。如：She is quite right.她对极了。 That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。 (2)rather 表示程度上的“相当”，比预想地程度要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。
(3)very 表示程度“很，甚，极其，非常”，用于修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况下，也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“a very +形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中，\应置于\之前，该结构相当“quite a/an +形容词+名词”的结构。如：Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天气很好。
初三年级（上）
6. sooner or later 【知识梳理】
7. pay for I. 重点短语
8. come up with an idea 1. at the moment 9. think of 2. used to 10. have a try 3. for a while 11. all over the world 4. walk away with sth. 12. be famous for 5. leave for some place 13. large numbers of
14. all the year round 15. no matter what 16. give up
17. for example 18. by the way 19. on business 20. so far
21. come true 22. set off
23. slow down 24. go on doing 25. wait for 26. be proud of 27. be afraid of 28. speak highly of 29. a year and a half 30. half a year 31. pick up 32. as soon as 33. keep… clean 34. take care of 35. cut down
36. make a contribution to 37. base on 38. make sure 39. take away 40. begin with 41. right now
42. as soon as possible 43. leave a message 44. all kinds of things 45. walk around 46. fall asleep 47. wake up 48. go on a trip
49. have a good time 50. take photos 51. come out 52. come on
53. have a family meeting 54. talk about
55. go for a holiday 56 go scuba diving 57. write down
58. by oneself 59. walk along
60. get a chance to do sth 61. have a wonderful time 62. book a room
63. have an accident 64. be interested in 65. use sth. to do sth. 66. make a TV show 67. be amazed at 68. take part in 69. feed on 70. get out of
II. 重要句型
1. Why don’t you do sth.? 2. make sb. Happy
3. borrow sth. from sb. 4. forget to do sth.
5. pay fro sth. 6. return sth. To sb.
7. learn sth. from sb. 8. be famous for sth.
9. No matter what… 10. be with sb.
11. go on doing sth. 12. speak highly of sb.
13. keep doing sth. 14. allow sb. To do sth.
15. encourage sb. to do sth. 16. It is said that…
III. 交际用语
1. --- Excuse me, have you got …? --- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.) 2. --- Why don’t you …? --- Thanks, I will.
3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.) --- You are welcome.
4. --- Have you ever done…? --- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.) 5. --- I’ve just done…
--- Really? 17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re going 6. ---What’s …like ? to be away? 7. --- How long have you been…? 18. --- Let’s try to find some information --- Since… about it, OK? 8. --- Have you ever been to…? 19. --- Could you please tell me how to search --- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ the Internet? Only …has. ) 20. --- Go straight along here. 9. --- Would you like to have a try? 21. ---Please go to Gate 12. --- I don’t think I can… 22. --- Please come this way. 10. --- What have you done since…? 23. --- Could you tell me what you think about 11. --- How long have you been at this …? Hainan Island? --- For… 24. --- That sounds really cool! 12. --- How long has she/ he worked there…? --- She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / IV. 重要语法 his life. 1. 宾语从句 13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now. 2. 现在完成时 14. --- May I help you? 15. --- That’s very kind of you. 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较： 16. ---Could we go scuba diving? 【名师讲解】 1. Maybe/ may be
(1) maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用作状语。例如： Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天来吗？”“也许不”。
(2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是…，可能是…”。 例如：It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
(1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。例如：We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。
borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。
例如：You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 )I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 )
(2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。 例如：Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。
lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的 动作，不能与一段时间连用。 (3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时间段连用。例如：You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。
I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。 (4) use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，使用”。例如：May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗？He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave意思是“离开，留下”。 例如：We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。 (2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。例如：We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。 4. since/ for
(1) since用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。 例如：
He has been a worker since he came into this city.自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。 I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .自从我们上次在上海见过之后我再也没见过他。
since作连词，还有“既然”的意思。例如： Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你对它感兴趣，那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已经做完了功课，就开心玩会儿吧。
(2) for用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时间，意思是“经过…”。例如： I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。
for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。 例如： They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。 5. neither/ either/ both
(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数.例如：Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。 neither用作形容词，也修饰单数名词，意思与作代词时相同；用作连词时，一般与nor搭配，表示 “既不…也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 例如：She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。
(2) either作代词时，是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用单数. 例如：Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的. She doesn’t like either of the films.这两部电影她都不喜欢. either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.
例如：Either school is near my home. (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近. Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.
either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。
Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。 (3) both作代词时，指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜欢。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。
both作形容词时，用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。
Both these students are good at English. 这两个学生都擅长英语。
2018年最新版人教版初中英语知识点汇总
