leading cadres ' awareness of right in place, study the party Constitution and party rules, series of speeches can make proper effect. Party cadres to \o\e, to lead by example we must change our mind, recognizing that \st, learn the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary can enhance theory. With the \olution\se of rapid changes in our life are feeling, the Communists should adhere to the theory of confidence will continue to learn from the voices of the times, the times, in turn, will have new requirements for leading party cadres. \he most basic meaning of members all mastering the core theory and the most advanced weapons theory, complement the spirit of calcium. Secondly, the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary be able to firmly build the ideological foundation. Under the impact of multiple values, the \o help cultivate independent judgment in numerous miscellaneous multiple concepts, so that the majority consensus of party members, the important magic weapon of the party with the resonance frequency. Finally, the Constitution of the Communist Party, party rules, learning learning series important speech can stand crowds, General Secretary position. Now, some grass-roots work in the \old way didn't work, hard way cannot, the new approach would not\nomenon, sometimes due to a mass of party members and cadres not understanding, does not meet. In fact, the mass \ncing\nd are likely to be party members and leading cadres themselves ignoring beliefs held, resulting in lack of persuasion and sense of identity. %uaranteed party cadres work, an important prerequisite for convincing the masses. Bacon said it well: \can handle individual matters, but looking at the whole operation globally, but only man can do to knowledge. \ first raise awareness of leading cadres of party members, as party members learn real responsibility\now \s, in parallel with the ground, do not forget to also answer the antenna, draw catches on meteorology, which sit between heaven and Earth which melds together the dreams of practicing Communist. Members cadres should in \arn a do\he based post do contribution in all members in the carried out \Constitution Party rules, and learn series speech, do qualifiedmembers\ducation, this is following party of mass line education practice activities and \strict three real\ topic education zhihou, deepening party education of and once important practice, is promoted \ct three real\c education from \xpand, and from concentrated education to regular education extends of important initiatives. Vast numbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should be （4）建立起同高度发展的生产力相适应的单一共产主义社会所有制；
（5）“三大差别”消失，国家消亡。社会主义作为共产主义社会的低级阶段，其任务就是大力进行社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，为实现共产主义创造必要的条件。
12、如何认识我国社会主义初级阶段的必然性和长期性？
（1）必然性：社会主义初级阶段是指在生产力落后、商品经济不发达条件下，建设社会主义必然要经历的特殊历史阶段。我国的社会主义制度是脱胎于商品化和社会化程度很低、自然经济占相当大比重的半殖民地半封建社会，生产力发展水平远远落后于发达的资本主义国家。我国是在没有实现工业化和现代化的条件下建立起社会主义制度的，这就决定了我国社会主义建设必须经历一个长时期的初级阶段，以完成社会主义经济的工业化、社会化市场化和现代化。
（2）长期性：社会主义初级阶段所要完成任务的艰巨性，决定了社会主义初级阶段的长期性。社会主义初级阶段的任务是要实现经济的工业化、社会化、市场化和现代化。我国经过近半个世纪的社会主义建设，生产力虽然有了很大的发展，但仍然处于社会主义初级阶段。我国社会主义初级阶段需要经历一个较长的历史时期。 13、我国社会主义初级阶段的主要矛盾是什么？
社会的主要矛盾是人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾。这个矛盾贯穿我国社会主义初级阶段的所谓落后的社会生产，既是相对于发达国家的生产力发展状况而言，又是相对于需要努力实现的社会主义现代化生产而言。
社会主义初级阶段的根本任务是解放和发展社会生产力，实现工业化和经济的社会化、市场化和现代化，把经济建设作为全党全国工作的中心。
14、为什么要坚持基本路线不动摇？
中国要摆脱贫穷和实现社会主义现代化，必须毫不动摇地坚持以建设中国特色社会主义理为指导的党的基本路线。 第一，坚持党的基本路线不动摇，关键是坚持以经济建设为中心不动摇，这是由我国社会的主要矛盾决定的。 第二，坚持党的基本路线不动摇，必须把改革开放同四项基本原则统一起来。
第三，坚持党的基本路线不动摇，必须巩固和发展团结稳定的政治局面，正确处理改革、发展同稳定的关系，保持稳定的政治环境和社会秩序。
15、社会主义解放和发展生产力的重要意义。
解放和发展社会生产力来建立社会主义的物质基础具有十分重要的意义： 第一，它是巩固和发展社会主义经济制度的客观要求； 第二，它是提高和改善劳动人民物质和文化生活的条件；
第三，它是从经济上保证社会主义国家的独立自主和巩固国防的物质基础； 第四，它是消灭工农差别。城乡差别、脑力劳动和体力劳动差别的物质条件； 第五，只有生产力高度发展，才能为将来过渡到共产主义社会创造物质条件。 16、社会主义初级阶段党的基本纲领包括哪些内容？
党的十五大提出了党在社会主义初级阶段的基本纲领。其内容是：
（1）建设中国特色社会主义的经济，就是在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，不断解放和发展生产力。
（2）建设中国特色社会主义的政治，就是在中国共产党领导下，在人民当家作主的基础上，依法治国，发展社会主义民主政治。 （3）建设中国特色社会主义的文化，就是以马克思主义为指导，以培育有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民为目标，发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的、科学的、大众的社会主义文化。
（4）上述建设中国特色社会主义的经济、政治、文化的基本目标和基本政策，有机统一，不可分割，构成党在社会主义初级阶段的基本纲领。
17、社会主义初级阶段的基本路线是什么？
在邓小平理论的指导下，中国共产党形成了社会主义初级阶段的基本路线：领导和团结全国各族人民，以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放、自力更生、艰苦创业，为把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗。“以经济建设为中心，坚持两个基本点，”是这条基本路线的主要内容和简要概括。
社会主义要求建立在社会化大生产的基础上，它的物质基础应当是高度社会化的现代化工业、农业和科学技术。生产力水平比较低的国家，在取得社会主义革命胜利后，必须用极大的努力来发展社会生产力，才能建立起社会主义物质基础。
ased on their actual, striving to be \ng\ning theoretical study, belief and faith. Theory is an action guide, only theoretical knowledge in place, to unity, action can consciously. Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, party rules are party must follow the General rules. Studying and implementing the party Constitution Party rules and a series of important speech, General Secretary, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, is a basic work of strengthening the party's construction, but also each and every Communist Party Member's obligations and solemn responsibility. These important content, for each party, must know would believe will do both. WeGeneral Secretary of the party Constitution, a series of remarks with, and hold, grasp the real \ning\sis, based on the Constitution speak to issue, in accordance with the series changed the problem. Second, disciplined in line, to become law-abiding model. Is not no rules. If there is no iron discipline, party members and cadres will become a mess, it will lose its fighting strength and vitality, purity and naturally much less advanced. By \s and cadres to keep the \om line\nes\ouslypractice the %uns\consciously act according to the Constitution, party rules, remains a political force, to perform party oath, a tree of its own image. Three is the loyal, dare to play and play to party members. Learning is the Foundation, is the key to development is the goal. \ain objective is to let the majority of the play to the exemplary role of party members and cadres, party Constitution, party rules to examine. To use new criteria to guide our behavior. Through education, the ideal and conviction, keep in mind that membership, learn, learn, learn go play a vanguard and exemplary role, the courage to play as, and always maintain the pioneer, pioneering and enterprising spirit, and constantly improve our own capacity and level of service, according to positions and make contributions. Hearts change, lead more strict \n in the know, know as Luke Skywalker\bers both a starting point and ending point. Party cadres only opinions, Foundation, Constitution Party rules, series to better address outside in shape, \o\tate, leading by example, to lead by example to be qualified party members in the process of doing the deep and solid, higher and more stringent. Jobs with new skills. To be a qualified party member, most basic element is always advanced requirements themselves, using their power to push forward the cause of the party, the people and the nation. Is to the leading cadres of party members, first of all is based on the job, do the people in the heart. There is not a slogan, but aims to better serve the people, targeted efforts to increase the capacityleading cadres ' awareness of right in place, study the party Constitution and party rules, series of speeches can make proper effect. Party cadres to \o\e, to lead by example we must change our mind, recognizing that \st, learn the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary can enhance theory. With the \olution\se of rapid changes in our life are feeling, the Communists should adhere to the theory of confidence will continue to learn from the voices of the times, the times, in turn, will have new requirements for leading party cadres. \he most basic meaning of members all mastering the core theory and the most advanced weapons theory, complement the spirit of calcium. Secondly, the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary be able to firmly build the ideological foundation. Under the impact of multiple values, the \o help cultivate independent judgment in numerous miscellaneous multiple concepts, so that the majority consensus of party members, the important magic weapon of the party with the resonance frequency. Finally, the Constitution of the Communist Party, party rules, learning learning series important speech can stand crowds, General Secretary position. Now, some grass-roots work in the \old way didn't work, hard way cannot, the new approach would not\nomenon, sometimes due to a mass of party members and cadres not understanding, does not meet. In fact, the mass \ncing\nd are likely to be party members and leading cadres themselves ignoring beliefs held, resulting in lack of persuasion and sense of identity. %uaranteed party cadres work, an important prerequisite for convincing the masses. Bacon said it well: \can handle individual matters, but looking at the whole operation globally, but only man can do to knowledge. \ness of leading cadres of party members, as party members learn real responsibility\now \s, in parallel with the ground, do not forget to also answer the antenna, draw catches on meteorology, which sit between heaven and Earth which melds together the dreams of practicing Communist. Members cadres should in \arn a do\he based post do contribution in all members in the carried out \Constitution Party rules, and learn series speech, do qualified members\ducation, this is following party of mass line education practice activities and \strict three real\ topic education zhihou, deepening party education of and once important practice, is promoted \ct three real\c education from \xpand, and from concentrated education to regular education extends of important initiatives. Vast numbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should be 公有制是社会主义经济制度的基础，也是区别其他社会制度的根本标志。 所以，在多种所有所有制并存的条件下，必须坚持社会主义公有制的主体地位。
社会主义经济制度的一个重要经济特征是实行按劳分配。生产资料公有制，决定了社会主义条件下必须实行按劳分配。
社会主义生产目的是由社会主义公有制所决定的，具有客观必然性，体现着社会主义生产的实质是满足人民的物质文化生活需要，这也就是社会主义基本经济规律的客观要求。
社会主义初级阶段是社会主义社会发展的一个历史阶段，必然具有社会主义制度的一般经济特征，如建立了作为经济主体的生产资料社会主义公有制，实行了作为分配主体的按劳分配原则，生产目的是为了满足整个社会日益增长的物质和文化生活的需要。 1、公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展，为什么是我国社会主义初级阶段的一项基本经济制度？
公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展，是我国社会主义初级阶段的一项基本经济制度。这是由我国社会主义初级阶段的社会性质和基本国情决定的：
第一，我国是社会主义国家，必须坚持公有制作为社会主义经济制度的基础；
第二，我国社会主义初级阶段的生产力总体水平低、不平衡、多层次，决定了在公有制为主体条件下发展多种所有制经济。 第三，一切符合“三个有利于”的所有制形式都可以而且应该用来为社会主义服务。 2、我国应当怎样坚持和完善社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度？
坚持和完善我国社会主义初级阶段公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，要做到： （1）必须毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济。
（2）必须毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。
（3）坚持公有制为主体、促进非公有制经济发展，统一于社会主义现代化建设的进程中，不能把这两者对立起来。 3、我国现阶段有的各种所有制经济的相互关系是怎样的？
（1）我国社会主义初级阶段的多种所有制形式主要包括：社会主义国家所有制，即全民所有制、社会主义劳动群众集体所有制、个体所有制、私营企业所有制、外资企业所有制、混合所有制等。
（2）在多种所有制经济并存和共同发展中，社会主义全民所有制居于主导地位，是整个国民经济的领导力量。国有经济和集体经济以及混合所有制经济中的国有与集体成分，形成社会主义公有制经济，它在国民经济中居于主体地位，是我国社会主义经济制度的基础。 （3）各种非公有制经济是我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，对我国经济发展和现代化建设具有重要作用，国家通过引导、监督和管理，使之健康发展。
4、为什么生产资料公有制是社会主义经济制度的基础？
（1）生产资料社会主义公有制，决定着社会生产关系的各个方面和社会再生产各个环节的社会主义性质，是社会主义最本质的特征，从而也是社会主义经济制度的基础。
（2）社会主义公有制和劳动者作为主人同生产资料相结合的方式，决定着社会主义生产关系的各个方面和社会主义再生产的各个环节：
第一，它决定了全体劳动者在生产资料的占有关系上，处于完全平等的地位。
第二，它决定了劳动者共同占有的生产资料必然要为全体劳动者的共同利益服务，决定了社会生产的目的和生产成果分配的性质。 三，它决定了生产成果必然按照符合劳动人民利益的原则进行分配，即从兼顾劳动人民的目前利益和长远利益、局部利益和整体利益、个人利益和集体利益的原则出发，进行国民收人的分配和个人消费品的分配，从而保证劳动人民根本利益的一致性。 第四，它决定着劳动着之间在社会生产和社会经济生活中形成一种互助互利的新型合作关系。 5、我国为什么要坚持社会主义公有制的主体地位？
必须坚持公有制经济的主体地位，这是由我国的社会主义性质决定的。
第一，生产资料社会主义公有制是社会主义经济制度的基础，是社会主义经济制度的根本标志，只有建立起社会主义公有制并使其在多种所有制经济中居于主体地位，才标志着社会主义经济制度真正建立起来。
第二，只有坚持公有制的主体地位，才能真正地巩固和发展社会主义经济制度，保证国民经济沿着社会主义方向健康发展。 第三，坚持公有制的主体地位，才能有利于发展生产力，提高劳动生产率，促进经济快速高效增长。 第四，公有制是保证消灭剥削、消除两极分化、实现共同富裕的根本经济条件。 6、社会主义公有制的主体地位是如何体现的？
ased on their actual, striving to be \ng\ning theoretical study, belief and faith. Theory is an action guide, only theoretical knowledge in place, to unity, action can consciously. Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, party rules are party must follow the General rules. Studying and implementing the party Constitution Party rules and a series of important speech, General Secretary, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, is a basic work of strengthening the party's construction, but also each and every Communist Party Member's obligations and solemn responsibility. These important content, for each party, must know would believe will do both. WeGeneral Secretary of the party Constitution, a series of remarks with, and hold, grasp the real \ning\sis, based on the Constitution speak to issue, in accordance with the series changed the problem. Second, disciplined in line, to become law-abiding model. Is not no rules. If there is no iron discipline, party members and cadres will become a mess, it will lose its fighting strength and vitality, purity and naturally much less advanced. By \s and cadres to keep the \om line\nes\ouslypractice the %uns\consciously act according to the Constitution, party rules, remains a political force, to perform party oath, a tree of its own image. Three is the loyal, dare to play and play to party members. Learning is the Foundation, is the key to development is the goal. \ain objective is to let the majority of the play to the exemplary role of party members and cadres, party Constitution, party rules to examine. To use new criteria to guide our behavior. Through education, the ideal and conviction, keep in mind that membership, learn, learn, learn go play a vanguard and exemplary role, the courage to play as, and always maintain the pioneer, pioneering and enterprising spirit, and constantly improve our own capacity and level of service, according to positions and make contributions. Hearts change, lead more strict \n in the know, know as Luke Skywalker\bers both a starting point and ending point. Party cadres only opinions, Foundation, Constitution Party rules, series to better address outside in shape, \o\ate, leading by example, to lead by example to be qualified party members in the process of doing the deep and solid, higher and more stringent. Jobs with new skills. To be a qualified party member, most basic element is always advanced requirements themselves, using their power to push forward the cause of the party, the people and the nation. Is to the leading cadres of party members, first of all is based on the job, do the people in the heart. There is not a slogan, but aims to better serve the people, targeted efforts to increase the capacityleading cadres ' awareness of right in place, study the party Constitution and party rules, series of speeches can make proper effect. Party cadres to \o\e, to lead by example we must change our mind, recognizing that \st, learn the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary can enhance theory. With the \olution\se of rapid changes in our life are feeling, the Communists should adhere to the theory of confidence will continue to learn from the voices of the times, the times, in turn, will have new requirements for leading party cadres. \he most basic meaning of members all mastering the core theory and the most advanced weapons theory, complement the spirit of calcium. Secondly, the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary be able to firmly build the ideological foundation. Under the impact of multiple values, the \o help cultivate independent judgment in numerous miscellaneous multiple concepts, so that the majority consensus of party members, the important magic weapon of the party with the resonance frequency. Finally, the Constitution of the Communist Party, party rules, learning learning series important speech can stand crowds, General Secretary position. Now, some grass-roots work in the \old way didn't work, hard way cannot, the new approach would not\nomenon, sometimes due to a mass of party members and cadres not understanding, does not meet. In fact, the mass \ncing\nd are likely to be party members and leading cadres themselves ignoring beliefs held, resulting in lack of persuasion and sense of identity. %uaranteed party cadres work, an important prerequisite for convincing the masses. Bacon said it well: \can handle individual matters, but looking at the whole operation globally, but only man can do to knowledge. \ first raise awareness of leading cadres of party members, as party members learn real responsibility\now \s, in parallel with the ground, do not forget to also answer the antenna, draw catches on meteorology, which sit between heaven and Earth which melds together the dreams of practicing Communist. Members cadres should in \arn a do\he based post do contribution in all members in the carried out \Constitution Party rules, and learn series speech, do qualifiedmembers\ducation, this is following party of mass line education practice activities and \strict three real\ topic education zhihou, deepening party education of and once important practice, is promoted \ct three real\c education from \xpand, and from concentrated education to regular education extends of important initiatives. Vast numbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should be 坚持公有制的主体地位，主要体现在以下几个方面：
第一，确保公有资产在社会总资产中占优势。公有资产占优势，要有量的优势，更要注意质的提高。 第二，保证国有经济控制国民经济命脉。
第三，发挥国有经济对整个经济发展的主导作用。国有经济起主导作用，主要体现在控制力上。
第四，公有制经济在整个国民经济中占主体地位，是就全国来说的，有的地方、有的产业可以有所差别。 7、怎样正确评价和认识我国现阶段的生产资料所有制结构？
（1）评价我国现阶段的所有制结构是否具有优越性，要以这种所有制结构是否适应生产力的现实水平，不否有利于生产力的发展、有利于人民生活水平的提高、有利于综合国力的增强为标准。
（2）我国现阶段以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的所有制结构，最适应现阶段的生产力状况，能够有力地促进生产力的发展，因而是具有优越性的所有制结构。
（3）评价社会主义社会的所有制结构是否具有优越性，不能抽象地以“一大二公”为标准，即并非所有制的规模越大、公有化程度越高，就越具有优越性，否则会阻碍生产力的发展。
8、我国现代产权制度的特征是什么？建立和完善现代产权制度有什么意义？
（1）产权制度就是有关产权的归属、权责、保护、流转和监管的制度。我国现代产权制度的特点是：归属清晰、权责明确、保护严格、流转顺畅
（2）建立和完善现代产权制度的意义在于，①有利于维护公有财产权，巩固公有制经济的主体地位；②有利于保护私有财产权，促进非公有制经济发展；③有利于各类资本的流动和重组，推动混合所有制经济发展；④有利于增强企业和公众创业创新的动力，形成良好的信用基础和市场秩序。这是完善社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度的内在要求，是构建现代企业制度的重要基础。 9、怎样全面认识公有制经济的含义及其实现形式？
（1）社会主义公有制以劳动人民共同占有生产资料为特征的所有制形式。它是社会主义经济制度的本质特征和根本标志，从而也是社会主义经济制度的基础。
（2）社会主义公有制的实现形式是指公有制经济的经营方式和组织形式。
（3）社会主义公有制实现形式可以而且应当多样化，一切反映社会化生产规律的经营方式和组织形式都可以利用。要努力寻找能够极大促进生产力发展的公有制实现形式。
（4）我国公有制的实现形式在改革开放以来，已经突破了仅仅是国有国营和集体所有集体经营的实现形式，出现了公有制实现形式多样化的局面，如股份制经营、股份合作制经营、承包经营、租赁经营、委托经营，等等。 10、怎样理解国有经济的性质、地位和作用？
（1）国有经济即社会主义全民所有制经济，是生产资料归全体劳动人民共同占有的一种公有制经济，是和社会化大生产相适应的公有化程度比较高的公的制形式。
（2）国有经济掌握国民经济的命脉，拥有雄厚的经济实力和先进的技术设备，是社会主义制度的主要经济基础，是整个国民经济的领导力量。所以，国有经济在国民经济中居于主导地位。
（3）全民所有制经济在社会主义国民经济中居于主导地位。它的主导地位和作用主要体现在控制力上，表现为： 第一，它对整个国民经济沿着社会主义方向发展起着领导作用，支撑、引导和带动整个社会经济的发展。
第二，全民所有制经济拥有现代化的大工业、比较先进的科学技术和设备，它的巩固和发展，为整个国民经济的技术改造和加快我国的现代化建设提供强大的物质技术基础。
第三，它是我国社会主义建设资金积累的主要来源。
第四，它的生产性企业为满足劳动人民的物质文化生活提供大量的消费品。
第五，它在国家对国民经济运行的宏观调控中发挥重要作用，为国家实现宏观调控提供强大的物质基础和经济支撑。 11、社会主义全民所有制经济为什么采取国家所有制的形式？
第一，以社会化大生产为基础的全民所有制经济，各个部门各个企业之间存在着相互制约、彼此依赖的密切联系，客观上要求有一个社会中心来统一指挥和协调，这样才能保证国民经济健康而迅速地发展。
第二，全民所有制的生产资料属于全体劳动者共同占有，全民本身是个整体概念，全民所有意味着全体劳动者作为一个统一的整体，对生产资料实行共同的占有，而不是每个劳动者个别占有的简单相加，更不意味着每个劳动者都单独占有一份生产资料。
ased on their actual, striving to be \ng\ning theoretical study, belief and faith. Theory is an action guide, only theoretical knowledge in place, to unity, action can consciously. Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, party rules are party must follow the General rules. Studying and implementing the party Constitution Party rules and a series of important speech, General Secretary, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, is a basic work of strengthening the party's construction, but also each and every Communist Party Member's obligations and solemn responsibility. These important content, for each party, must know would believe will do both. WeGeneral Secretary of the party Constitution, a series of remarks with, and hold, grasp the real \ning\sis, based on the Constitution speak to issue, in accordance with the series changed the problem. Second, disciplined in line, to become law-abiding model. Is not no rules. If there is no iron discipline, party members and cadres will become a mess, it will lose its fighting strength and vitality, purity and naturally much less advanced. By \s and cadres to keep the \om line\nes\ouslypractice the %uns\consciously act according to the Constitution, party rules, remains a political force, to perform party oath, a tree of its own image. Three is the loyal, dare to play and play to party members. Learning is the Foundation, is the key to development is the goal. \ain objective is to let the majority of the play to the exemplary role of party members and cadres, party Constitution, party rules to examine. To use new criteria to guide our behavior. Through education, the ideal and conviction, keep in mind that membership, learn, learn, learn go play a vanguard and exemplary role, the courage to play as, and always maintain the pioneer, pioneering and enterprising spirit, and constantly improve our own capacity and level of service, according to positions and make contributions. Hearts change, lead more strict \n in the know, know as Luke Skywalker\bers both a starting point and ending point. Party cadres only opinions, Foundation, Constitution Party rules, series to better address outside in shape, \o\tate, leading by example, to lead by example to be qualified party members in the process of doing the deep and solid, higher and more stringent. Jobs with new skills. To be a qualified party member, most basic element is always advanced requirements themselves, using their power to push forward the cause of the party, the people and the nation. Is to the leading cadres of party members, first of all is based on the job, do the people in the heart. There is not a slogan, but aims to better serve the people, targeted efforts to increase the capacityleading cadres ' awareness of right in place, study the party Constitution and party rules, series of speeches can make proper effect. Party cadres to \o\e, to lead by example we must change our mind, recognizing that \st, learn the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary can enhance theory. With the \olution\se of rapid changes in our life are feeling, the Communists should adhere to the theory of confidence will continue to learn from the voices of the times, the times, in turn, will have new requirements for leading party cadres. \he most basic meaning of members all mastering the core theory and the most advanced weapons theory, complement the spirit of calcium. Secondly, the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary be able to firmly build the ideological foundation. Under the impact of multiple values, the \o help cultivate independent judgment in numerous miscellaneous multiple concepts, so that the majority consensus of party members, the important magic weapon of the party with the resonance frequency. Finally, the Constitution of the Communist Party, party rules, learning learning series important speech can stand crowds, General Secretary position. Now, some grass-roots work in the \old way didn't work, hard way cannot, the new approach would not\nomenon, sometimes due to a mass of party members and cadres not understanding, does not meet. In fact, the mass \ncing\nd are likely to be party members and leading cadres themselves ignoring beliefs held, resulting in lack of persuasion and sense of identity. %uaranteed party cadres work, an important prerequisite for convincing the masses. Bacon said it well: \can handle individual matters, but looking at the whole operation globally, but only man can do to knowledge. \ness of leading cadres of party members, as party members learn real responsibility\now \s, in parallel with the ground, do not forget to also answer the antenna, draw catches on meteorology, which sit between heaven and Earth which melds together the dreams of practicing Communist. Members cadres should in \arn a do\he based post do contribution in all members in the carried out \Constitution Party rules, and learn series speech, do qualified members\ducation, this is following party of mass line education practice activities and \strict three real\ topic education zhihou, deepening party education of and once important practice, is promoted \ct three real\c education from \xpand, and from concentrated education to regular education extends of important initiatives. Vast numbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should be 第三，社会主义国家是全体劳动人民共同的根本的利益的代表者，通过社会主义国家掌握属于全民所有的生产资料，才能把劳动人民的长远利益和当前利益、整体利益和局部利益有机地结合起来，从而使全民所有制的生产资料，真正为全体劳动者的共同的根本利益服务。 12、为什么国有经济要实行两权分离？（为什么社会主义国有经济生产资料的所有权和经营权应当分离？）
（1）社会需求复杂多变，国家不可能及时了解和适应这种复杂多变的情况，国家直接经营企业必然造成浪费、效益低下。因而所有权和经营权应当分离。
（2）所有权和经营权的分离，是生产社会化的客观要求。从历史上看，资本主义借贷资本和股份资本的产生，使资本所有权和经营权相分离。建立在社会化生产基础上的社会主义国有经济同样要求两权分离。 13、我国集体所有制经济有哪些特点？
集体所有制经济是社会主义公有制经济的重要组成部分，和国有经济相比较，集体经济具有如下特点： （1）一般来说它规模较小，资金较少，可以广泛吸收社会分散资金，不需要国家投资。 （2）它自主经营，比较灵活，对市场的适应性强。
（3）它自负盈亏，其经营状况同劳动者的利益密切相连，能更好地调动劳动者的积极性。
（4）它能容纳手工劳动、半机械化劳动、机械化劳动等不同层次的生产力，有利于发挥广大劳动者和各种工程技术人员的作用。发展城乡集体经济，对发挥公有制经济的主体作用有重大意义。
14、怎样认识集体所有制经济的性质、地位和作用？（社会主义集体所有制经济的性质、地位和作用是怎样的？）
（1）集体所有制经济的性质：社会主义集体所有制是由一部分劳动群众共同占有一定范围的生产资料和劳动产品的所有制形式。一般来说，它是与较低程度的生产社会化相适应的公有制形式。我国的集体所有制经济属于社会主义公有制经济。
（2）集体所有制经济可以体现共同富裕原则，可以广泛吸收社会分散资金，缓解就业压力，增加公共积累和国家税收。 15、怎样理解混合所有制经济？
（1）混合所有制经济，是伴随我国改革开放事业的发展而发展起来的。它是由不同性质的所有制经济组合而成的一种经济形式。随着改革开放的深化和扩大对外开放，我国逐步出现了由国有经济和集体经济等社会主义公有制经济与私营经济、外资经济、个体经济以及劳动者个人共同投资所组成的采取股份制组织形式的企业，还产生了各种不同所有制企业组成企业集团，它们都是混合所有制经济。 （2）混合所有制经济中的国有成分和集体成分，属于公有制经济；混合所有制经济中的非公的成分，属于非公有制经济。 （3）我国为适应经济市场化不断发展的趋势，要大力发展国有资本、集体资本和非公有资本等参股的混合所有制经济，实现投资主体多元化。
16、如何正确认识股份制是我国公有制的主要实现形式？
（1）股份制是社会化大生产和现代市场经济的产物，它的产生和发展又推动了社会生产力和市场经济的发展。
（2）股份制是现代企业的一种资本组织形式，是我国公有制的主要实现形式。它有利于所有权和经营权的分离，有利于提高企业和资本的运作效率。资本主义市场经济可以用，社会主义市场经济也可以用。因此，不能笼统地说股份制是公有还是私有，关键看控股权掌握在谁手中。在社会主义社会，国有经济和集体经济控股，便具有明显的公有性，有利于扩大公有资本的支配范围，增强公有制的主体作用。需要由国有资本控股的企业，可区别不同情况，实行绝对控股或相对控股。 17、我国为什么要调整和如何调整国有经济的布局和结构？
（1）调整国有经济布局和结构的原因。我国国有经济存在分布过宽、摊子过大、资金不足、技术装备落后、产品竞争力差、整体素质不高、资源配置不尽合理等问题。为了提高国有经济的控制力，影响力和劳动力，发挥国有经济的主导作用，要从战略上调整国有经济布局和结构。
（2）如何从战略上调整国有经济的布局和结构？从战略上调整国有经济布局和结构，要同产业结构的优化升级和所有制结构的调整完善结合起来，坚持国有经济有进有退，有所为有所不为的方针，着眼于搞好整个国有经济，提高国有经济的整体素质和竞争力。从战略上调整国有经济布局和结构，还需要加快中西部地区和东北等老工业基地国有经济布局的调整。 18、我国建立和健全国有资产管理和监督体制的原因和途径是什么？
（1）建立和健全国有资产管理和监督体制的原因。为了有效地实现社会主义国有经济的所有权和经营权的分离，理顺国有经济的产权关系，实现国有资产出资人到位，需要深化国有资产管理体制改革，建立和健全国有资产的管理和监督体制。
（2）建立和健全国有资产管理和监督体制，要在坚持国家所有制的前提下，充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性，建立中央政府和地方政府分别代表国家履行出资人职责，享有所有者权益、权利、义务和责任相统一，管资产、管人和管事相结合的管理体制。关系国民经济
ased on their actual, striving to be \ng\ning theoretical study, belief and faith. Theory is an action guide, only theoretical knowledge in place, to unity, action can consciously. Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, party rules are party must follow the General rules. Studying and implementing the party Constitution Party rules and a series of important speech, General Secretary, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, is a basic work of strengthening the party's construction, but also each and every Communist Party Member's obligations and solemn responsibility. These important content, for each party, must know would believe will do both. WeGeneral Secretary of the party Constitution, a series of remarks with, and hold, grasp the real \ning\sis, based on the Constitution speak to issue, in accordance with the series changed the problem. Second, disciplined in line, to become law-abiding model. Is not no rules. If there is no iron discipline, party members and cadres will become a mess, it will lose its fighting strength and vitality, purity and naturally much less advanced. By \s and cadres to keep the \om line\nes\ouslypractice the %uns\consciously act according to the Constitution, party rules, remains a political force, to perform party oath, a tree of its own image. Three is the loyal, dare to play and play to party members. Learning is the Foundation, is the key to development is the goal. \ain objective is to let the majority of the play to the exemplary role of party members and cadres, party Constitution, party rules to examine. To use new criteria to guide our behavior. Through education, the ideal and conviction, keep in mind that membership, learn, learn, learn go play a vanguard and exemplary role, the courage to play as, and always maintain the pioneer, pioneering and enterprising spirit, and constantly improve our own capacity and level of service, according to positions and make contributions. Hearts change, lead more strict \n in the know, know as Luke Skywalker\bers both a starting point and ending point. Party cadres only opinions, Foundation, Constitution Party rules, series to better address outside in shape, \o\ate, leading by example, to lead by example to be qualified party members in the process of doing the deep and solid, higher and more stringent. Jobs with new skills. To be a qualified party member, most basic element is always advanced requirements themselves, using their power to push forward the cause of the party, the people and the nation. Is to the leading cadres of party members, first of all is based on the job, do the people in the heart. There is not a slogan, but aims to better serve the people, targeted efforts to increase the capacityleading cadres ' awareness of right in place, study the party Constitution and party rules, series of speeches can make proper effect. Party cadres to \o\e, to lead by example we must change our mind, recognizing that \st, learn the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary can enhance theory. With the \olution\se of rapid changes in our life are feeling, the Communists should adhere to the theory of confidence will continue to learn from the voices of the times, the times, in turn, will have new requirements for leading party cadres. \he most basic meaning of members all mastering the core theory and the most advanced weapons theory, complement the spirit of calcium. Secondly, the Communist Party Constitution Party rules, learning learning series important speech by General Secretary be able to firmly build the ideological foundation. Under the impact of multiple values, the \o help cultivate independent judgment in numerous miscellaneous multiple concepts, so that the majority consensus of party members, the important magic weapon of the party with the resonance frequency. Finally, the Constitution of the Communist Party, party rules, learning learning series important speech can stand crowds, General Secretary position. Now, some grass-roots work in the \old way didn't work, hard way cannot, the new approach would not\nomenon, sometimes due to a mass of party members and cadres not understanding, does not meet. In fact, the mass \ncing\nd are likely to be party members and leading cadres themselves ignoring beliefs held, resulting in lack of persuasion and sense of identity. %uaranteed party cadres work, an important prerequisite for convincing the masses. Bacon said it well: \can handle individual matters, but looking at the whole operation globally, but only man can do to knowledge. \ first raise awareness of leading cadres of party members, as party members learn real responsibility\now \s, in parallel with the ground, do not forget to also answer the antenna, draw catches on meteorology, which sit between heaven and Earth which melds together the dreams of practicing Communist. Members cadres should in \arn a do\he based post do contribution in all members in the carried out \Constitution Party rules, and learn series speech, do qualifiedmembers\ducation, this is following party of mass line education practice activities and \strict three real\ topic education zhihou, deepening party education of and once important practice, is promoted \ct three real\c education from \xpand, and from concentrated education to regular education extends of important initiatives. Vast numbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should be命脉和国家安全的大型国有企业、基础设施和重要自然资源等，由中央政府代表国家履行出资人职责。其他国有资产由地方政府代表国家履行出资人的职责。中央政府和省、市（地）两级地方政府设立国有资产管理机构。 19、为什么非公有制经济是我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分？
（1）在社会主义市场经济条件下，非公有制企业作为自主经营的商品生产经营者和市场主体，其投资、生产、经营活动都处于市场关系之中，它的生存和发展都依赖于市场。非公有制经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。
（2）非公有制经济是促进我国社会生产力发展的重要力量。它在促进经济增长、增加建设资金、扩大就业、活跃市场、培养经济管理与技术人员等方面，具有重要作用。
（3）我国要大力发展并积极引导非公有制经济。放宽国内民间资本的市场准入领域，允许非公有制资本进入法律法规未禁入的基础设施、公用事业及其他行业和领域，在投融资、税收、土地使用和对外贸易等方面，与其他企业享受同等待遇，实现公平竞争。 （4）非公有制经济要依法经营，照章纳税，保障职工合法权益。国家依法加强监督和管理非公有制经济。 20、怎样认识我国现阶段的私营经济？
（1）我国现阶段的私营经济的存在和发展具有客观必然性，它是与我国现阶段的生产力状况相适应的一种经济形式。 （2）私营经济是指企业资产属于私人所有、存在雇佣劳动关系的私有制经济，从本质上说，它是资本主义性质的经济。 （3）私营经济的作用。它在我国现阶段有利于促进生产的发展、活跃市场、扩大就业、增加建设资金、培养管理和技术人员。 （4）私营经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，国家在保持公有制经济主体地位的前提下，鼓励、支持和引导私营经济的发展。 21、三资企业对我国经济发展的作用是什么？
三资企业是中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资独营企业的统称。三资企业的存在和发展，对于发展我国经济社会主义经济的作用是：
（1）它可以使我国得到适合我国需要的先进技术设备，有助于我国生产技术水平的提高。 （2）可以引进国外先进的科学管理方法，提高我国的经营管理水平。 （3）有助于弥补我国建设资金的不足。
（4）可以培养和提高我国经济管理干部、技术人员和熟练工人队伍的素质。此外，它对于活跃市场，扩大就业，增加产品出口，更好地满足劳动者各方面的需要等等，也是具有重要作用。
ased on their actual, striving to be \ng\ning theoretical study, belief and faith. Theory is an action guide, only theoretical knowledge in place, to unity, action can consciously. Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, party rules are party must follow the General rules. Studying and implementing the party Constitution Party rules and a series of important speech, General Secretary, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, is a basic work of strengthening the party's construction, but also each and every Communist Party Member's obligations and solemn responsibility. These important content, for each party, must know would believe will do both. WeGeneral Secretary of the party Constitution, a series of remarks with, and hold, grasp the real \ning\sis, based on the Constitution speak to issue, in accordance with the series changed the problem. Second, disciplined in line, to become law-abiding model. Is not no rules. If there is no iron discipline, party members and cadres will become a mess, it will lose its fighting strength and vitality, purity and naturally much less advanced. By \s and cadres to keep the \om line\nes\ouslypractice the %uns\consciously act according to the Constitution, party rules, remains a political force, to perform party oath, a tree of its own image. Three is the loyal, dare to play and play to party members. Learning is the Foundation, is the key to development is the goal. \ain objective is to let the majority of the play to the exemplary role of party members and cadres, party Constitution, party rules to examine. To use new criteria to guide our behavior. Through education, the ideal and conviction, keep in mind that membership, learn, learn, learn go play a vanguard and exemplary role, the courage to play as, and always maintain the pioneer, pioneering and enterprising spirit, and constantly improve our own capacity and level of service, according to positions and make contributions. Hearts change, lead more strict \n in the know, know as Luke Skywalker\bers both a starting point and ending point. Party cadres only opinions, Foundation, Constitution Party rules, series to better address outside in shape, \o\tate, leading by example, to lead by example to be qualified party members in the process of doing the deep and solid, higher and more stringent. Jobs with new skills. To be a qualified party member, most basic element is always advanced requirements themselves, using their power to push forward the cause of the party, the people and the nation. Is to the leading cadres of party members, first of all is based on the job, do the people in the heart. There is not a slogan, but aims to better serve the people, targeted efforts to increase the capacity
自考00009《政治经济学(财经类)重点讲解
