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中国的能源状况与政策 前 言 能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。 China's Energy Conditions and Policies Preface Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society. 过去100多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。 Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed their industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy resources, in the process. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era of industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable for their economic and social development. 中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20世纪70年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。 中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不China is the largest developing country in the world, and developing its economy and eliminating poverty will, for a long time to come, remain the main tasks for the Chinese government and the Chinese people. Since the late 1970s, China, as the fastest growing developing country, has scored brilliant achievements in its economy and society that have attracted worldwide attention, successfully blazed the trail of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and made significant contributions to world development and prosperity. China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growth of energy supply has provided an important support for the country's economic growth and social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As -可编辑修改-
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可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。 中国政府正在以科学发展观为指导，加快发展现代能源产业，坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置，努力增强可持续发展能力，建设创新型国家，继续为世界经济发展和繁荣作出更大贡献。 an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security. Guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development, the Chinese government is accelerating its development of a modern energy industry, taking resource conservation and environmental protection as two basic state policies, giving prominence to building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society in the course of its industrialization and modernization, striving to enhance its capability for sustainable development and making China an innovative country, so as to make greater contributions to the world's economy and prosperity. 一、能源发展现状 能源资源是能源发展的基础。新中国成立以来，不断加大能源资源勘查力度，组织开展了多次资源I. Current Situation of Energy Development Energy resources are the basis of energy development. Since New China was founded in 1949, it has made constant endeavors in energy resources prospecting, energy resources have the following characteristics: 评价。中国能源资源有以下特点： and conducted several resources assessments. China's ——能源资源总量比较丰富。中国拥有较为丰富的化石能源资源。其中，煤炭占主导地位。2006剩余探明可采储量约占世界的13%，列世界第三位。已探明的石油、天然气资源储量相对不足，油页岩、煤层气等非常规化石能源储量潜力较大。中国拥有较为丰富的可再生能源资源。水力资源理论蕴时，经济可开发年发电量约1.76万亿千瓦时，相当于世界水力资源量的12%，列世界首位。 -- Energy resources abound. China boasts fairly rich fossil energy resources, dominated by coal. By 2006, the reserves of coal stood at 1,034.5 billion tons, and for 13 percent of the world total, ranking China third in the world. The verified reserves of oil and natural gas are relatively small, while oil shale, coal-bed gas and other unconventional fossil energy resources have huge potential for exploitation. China also boasts fairly abundant renewable energy resources. In 2006, equal to 6,190 billion kwh, and the economically exploitable annual power output was 1,760 billion kwh, equivalent to 12 percent of global hydropower resources, ranking the country first in the world. -可编辑修改-
年，煤炭保有资源量10345亿吨，the remaining verified reserves exploitable accounted 藏量折合年发电量为6.19万亿千瓦the theoretical reserves of hydropower resources were 。
——人均能源资源拥有量较低。中国人口众多，人均能源资源拥有量在世界上处于较低水平。煤炭和水力资源人均拥有量相当于世界平均水平的50%，石油、天然气人均资源量仅为世界平均水平的1/15左右。耕地资源不足世界人均水平的30%，制约了生物质能源的开发。 -- China's per-capita average of energy resources is very low. China has a large population, resulting in a low per-capita average of energy resources in the world. The per-capita average of both coal and hydropower resources is 50 percent of the world's average, while the per-capita average of both oil and natural gas resources is only about one-fifteenth of the world's average. The per-capita average of arable land is less than 30 percent of the world's average, which has hindered the development of biomass energy. ——能源资源赋存分布不均衡。中国能源资源分布广泛但不均衡。煤炭资源主要赋存在华北、西北地区，水力资源主要分布在西南地区，石油、天然气资源主要赋存在东、中、西部地区和海域。中国主要的能源消费地区集中在东南沿海经济发达地区，资源赋存与能源消费地域存在明显差别。大规模、长距离的北煤南运、北油南运、西气东输、西电东送，是中国能源流向的显著特征和能源运输的基本格局。 -- The distribution of energy resources is imbalanced. China's energy resources are scattered widely across the country, but the distribution is uneven. Coal is found mainly in the north and the northwest, hydropower in the southwest, and oil and natural gas in the eastern, central and western regions and along the coast. But, the consumers of energy resources are mainly in the southeast coastal areas, where the economy is the most developed. Such a great difference of location between the producers and the consumers has led to the following basic framework of China's energy flow: large-scale transportation over long distances of coal and oil from the north to the south, and transmission of natural gas and electricity from the west to the east. ——能源资源开发难度较大。与世界相比，中国煤炭资源地质开采条件较差，大部分储量需要井工开采，极少量可供露天开采。石油勘探开发技术要求较高。未开发的水力资源多集中在西南部的高山深谷，远离负荷中心，开发难度和成本较大。非常规能源资源勘探程度-- The development of energy resources is fairly difficult. Compared with other parts of the world, China faces severe geological difficulties in tapping its coal resources, and has to get most of its coal by mined by opencast methods. Oil and gas resources are located in areas with complex geological conditions and at great depths, so advanced and expensive prospecting and tapping techniques are -可编辑修改-
天然气资源地质条件复杂，埋藏深，underground mining, as only a small amount can be
白皮书-中国的能源状况与政策-中英文对照
