第一编 专题四 第1讲 重点二
第一组
Ⅰ. 语法填空
(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试)
The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”.
The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/which__ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.
Marie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of__ treatment options. ” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments. “If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most __8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.
Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated__ (treat) at one time easily become resistant.
文章大意：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。
? 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。
? 解析：考查动词时态。此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。
? 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。 ? 解析：考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。human health意为”人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。
? 解析：考查冠词。ability被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”
所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。
? 解析：考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。
? 解析：考查介词。固定搭配run out of意为“用完”，故填介词of。
? 解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。
? 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
10 解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“at one time”可知，treat所表示的动○
作发生在过去，且动词treat和infections是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估)
After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don’t put yourself out，” I told him. “Let me tell you story，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower. I went this morning，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But，here，please accept this. It’s your mother’s flowers. ”
答案：
After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries, it was $12 over what I had on me. I
upam about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 wasembarrassedlynote. “Please don’t put yourself out，” I told him. “Let me tell you ∧ story，” he said.
a“My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower.
flowersI went this morning, and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more
spendingflowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But， here, please accept this.
doSoIt’s your mother’s flowers. ”
my? 解析：to改为up。超市收银员累加(add up)“我”购买的食品杂货后，其总价钱比
“我”所带的钱还要多12美元。add to表示“添加”，add up“把……加起来”，故此处应把to改为up。
? 解析：am改为was。此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 ? 解析：embarrassed改为embarrassedly。此处用副词embarrassedly“尴尬地”来修饰动词remove。
? 解析：story前加a。 story为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，story的发音以辅音音素开头，故需加冠词a。
? 解析：flower改为flowers。根据flower是可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。a bunch of flowers“一束花”。
? 解析：删除angry前的much。此处修饰形容词angry，应用very，much多余。 ? 解析：spend改为spending。介词后应使用动名词作宾语。
? 解析：did改为do。demand“要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“should＋do”的形式，其中should可以省略。故把did改为do。
? 解析：But改为So。根据语境可知，此处表示结果，故把But改为So。
10 解析：your改为my。根据语境可知，此处指“我妈妈的花”，故把your改为my。○
第二组
Ⅰ. 语法填空
(2017年11月浙江高考)
Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary
It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，it’s __1. an__ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement， __2. which__ means yon’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few __3. months__ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough __4. for__ the rest of your life，and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
One of the __5. effective__ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to __6. really__ (real) read at least one good book a week，preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it __7. sounds__ (sound)，and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __8. reading__ (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that
you learn both new words and __9. their__ (they) use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend to use the words __10. learned/learnt__ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
文章大意：本文主要讲述了积累词汇的一些方法。
? 解析：考查冠词。此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，又因为单词ongoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
? 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为空前的整句话，且空处在从句中作主语，故填which。
? 解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。
? 解析：考查介词。青少年时代几个月的锻炼对你的余生来说是不够的。故此处应用介词for，表示“对……来说”。
? 解析：考查形容词。根据空后的ways可知，此处需要用形容词，意为”有效的方法之一”，故填effective。
? 解析：考查副词。你在一周内至少需要真正地读一本好书，最好是一部名著。此处应用副词really修饰动词read。
? 解析：考查主谓一致。这并不像听起来那样难。分析句子结构可知，本句中第二个as引导从句，从句中it是主语，且根据上文的isn’t和全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填sounds。
? 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，在while引导的时间状语从句中，动词read的逻辑主语是you，与其构成主谓关系，故填现在分词reading。
? 解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空后的use是名词，故需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。
10 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，learn与the words之间构成逻辑上的○
动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
(2018·福州四校高三联考)
When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green，
that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark，the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky，the village was lighting. When I looked up，I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.
答案：
When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see whichthe fish swimming. When it gets dark, the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked
gotthatto walk out ∧ their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along
ofandthe village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky, the village was lighting. When I
highlighted/lit/lightlooked up, I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could starstouch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.
was? 解析：that改为which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，应用which指代前面的主句。
? 解析：删除so后的much。考查固定结构。此处表示那里的水是如此清澈以至于“我”甚至可以看到鱼在游泳。so. . . that. . . 表示“如此……以至于……”，为固定结构。
? 解析：gets改为got。考查动词时态。本文讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。 ? 解析：it改为that。考查代词。当天变黑的时候，空气比白天的凉些。that表示“同名异物”，而it表示“同名同物”，故此处应用that。
? 解析：out后加of。考查固定搭配。walk out of. . . “从……走出去”为固定搭配。 ? 解析：but改为and。考查连词。“我”喜欢和“我”的朋友们玩游戏，并沿着村庄快乐地跑。根据语境可知上下文之间形成并列关系，故用and。
? 解析：highly改为high。考查副词。high表示“高”时，形容词和副词同形，而highly表示“高度地，高水平地”。
? 解析：lighting改为lighted/lit/light。考查动词语态/形容词。此处可表示村庄被照亮了，故用light的过去分词lighted/lit；light除了作名词“光线”外，也可作形容词，意为
2019年高考英语二轮专题复习训练：专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第1讲 重点2 素能强化 Word版含答案
